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abandon
vt.抛弃 abandon ship弃船 abandon one’s hope
abide
vi. abide by 遵守 bid 命令,要求; abide by the law= conform to the law
abnormal
adj.不正常; normal; ab-离开,偏离away from; abnormal-minded 变态的
aboard
adv./prep 在船上,在火车,飞机上 board 甲板; a-处于…状态;
表语形容词alive/alone/asleep/alike/ashore/awake
abolish
vt.使流产,取消,废除=cancel; a-表示否定: apolitical 非政治的;
atonal 跑调的abortion n.流产 bor-→born
abound
vi.富产; abundant 大量的; boundary 边界; bound 范围
abound in 富于…无限的,大量的
abroad
adv. 到国外 ab-离开; study abroad 留学; go abroad 出国
absolute
adj.绝对的; solution n.解决; solve vt.解决; soluble adj.可溶的
absent
adj.缺席的; be absent from the class/the meeting; send 派遣
present 出席; be present at the meeting ;
absorb
vt.吸收 absorb water/chemicals; absorb oneself in sth 沉浸于
be absorbed in sth/doing 沉浸于某事
abstract
vt.提炼 abs- = ab-; n.摘要; adj.抽象的
abstract some mineral out of the ore从矿石中提炼矿物
tractor 拖拉机 -tract 拖,拉; extract vt.拔出extract a tooth 拔牙
distract vt.转移; contract vi.挤压,压缩,收缩; protract vt.延长
absurd
adj.荒谬的,荒唐的,荒诞的
abundant
adj.大量的
abuse
vt.滥用;虐待 n.滥用,虐待; abuse one’s power/authority
abuse one’s wife 虐待; abuse captives 虐待俘虏; drug abuse 吸毒 child abuse 虐待儿童
academic
adj.专业的,学术的; academic custume 学位服
academy 专业院校(方向); a military academy 军事院校
college 专科院校;学院(英)=school; institute 研究院
school 大学下属学院(美); law/bussiness school法/商学院;
university 综合大学 universe 宇宙;
academic degree 学位; academic term 专业术语
academic freedom 学术自由; academic discussion 学术探讨 3.17
accelerate
v.加速=speed up; slow down减速; to accelerate one’s car 提速
access
n.进入,途径[u]; -cess,-ceed= go,move;
vt. 1.接通(电脑等); 取数; 存取; 2.得到, 了解; 3.接近, 进入, 使用
have access to doing有做sth的途径,方法
可以得到,可以获得Student should have access to excellent books.
学生应该读到优秀的书籍.
exceed vt.超出..范围go out of/beyond; exceed the speed limit 超速
exceed one’s expectations超出预期
excess n.过多,过度 an excess of…; an excess of praise/criticism
excessive adj.过多的,极端的,额外;
proceed vi.继续proceed to sth; proceed to one’s master degree
process n.进程,过程; in process of 在做sth过程当中
precede v.在…前面,领先于; in the preceding paragraph 在前面一段
precedent n.前例,先例; concede v.让步,妥协; concession n.妥协
succeed 成功succeed in; 继承succeed to; succeed/fail in 成功/失败
success n.成功; succession n.继承,系列 a succession of
successive adj.系列的,连续不断的; successful adj.成功的
recede vi.退回,衰退; recession 衰退economic recession
acclaim
n./v.欢呼; claim 声称; proclaim 宣布= declare; proclaim peace/ war
reclaim vt.要求归还,要求收回; reclaim sth back
accommodate
1.容纳=contain(物); 2.给sb提供居所(人);
3.使适应adapt/ condition/ adjust/ accommodate/ condition oneself/sth to
调节自己以适应; be apt to do 易于;往往
commode n.无斗橱,衣柜;commodity n.商品;commodious adj.宽敞的
accompany
vt.陪伴 accompany sb to sp; company 1公司2伙伴;
Two is company;three is none. 两人成伴,三人不欢
accord
vt.授予n.一致; cord n.细绳,细线;
accord/award/grant/give sb sth 授予某人某物
in accord with sb和…保持一致; in accordance with = according to 根据
with one accord adv.一致; of one’s own accord 自愿的,自发的
accomplish
vt.完成,达到,实现; complete;
accomplish one’s purpose; sense of accomplishment 成就
account
n.帐目 accountant 会计师; count v.数
1.take…into account 考虑到= consider;
2.account for a.占(比例)b.解释;
There is no accounting for tastes. 爱好是不需要解释的
3.on this/that account 因为…原因; on no account 决不
accumulate
vt.(逐渐)积累; -cumul 累积,积累; cumulative 累积的,积累的
accumulate riches/a fortune
accuse
vt.指责,指控; curse 咒骂,诅咒;
accuse sb of sth= charge sb with sth 指控某人某事; charge for 收费;
sue sb for sth 起诉…; prosecute sb for sth 起诉(超纲)3.18
accustomed
adj.习惯了的; custom 风俗,习俗; used to do 过去常常do sth
be accustomed to doing= be used to doing习惯于do;
achieve
vt.取得; ache 疼痛; achieve one’s purpose; achievement 成就
headache, backache, toothache; No ache, no achievement.
accomplish 完成,实现 complete; accomplish one’s purpose
accomplishment 成就
attain a.vt.实现,完成,取得; b. vi.达到,到达attain (to)(答案)
attain one’s purpose attainment 造诣;
attain (to) the mountain top 到达山顶;
attain (to) manhood 进入成年期; attain (to) perfection 臻于完美
acknowledge
vt.承认; knowledge 知识; acknowledge doing;
admit doing/to doing (被迫)承认;
confess doing/to doing (罪行的)承认,忏悔
acquaint
vt.结识,使熟悉,使了解;
acquaint oneself with sb/sth= be acquainted with sb/sth
= be familiar with sb/sth 了解...
acquaintance n.[u]熟悉,了解[c]熟人;
have a bowing/nodding acquaintance with sb 和sb点头之交
make an/the acquaintance of sb; make a friend of sb;
make a fool of sb 愚弄sb; make a habit of doing 养成一个习惯
acquire
vt.(通过努力)获得 -quire 追求acquire a degree/language(褒义)
inquire 询问,调查; require 需要,要求; get (最泛的)得到
obtain (通过某种具体的方式)得到obtain a wallet/lesson
secure adj.安全的 vt.确保得到 ; secure a ticket
actual
adj.实际的; the actual head of the firm; actually adv.实际上= in fact;
act vi.行动,表演; action n.行动,行为; active adj.积极的,主动的
activity n.行为,活跃; actor/actress n.演员,女演员
react v.反应react to reaction n.反应;
counteract vt.反作用于,抵消; counteract poison 解毒
counteraction n.
counter n.柜台 counter-相反的,对应的
counterpart n.对应的角色; countersign n.口令,暗号
counterfeit n.假钞,赝品 -feit 钱; adj.假冒的,伪造的vt.假冒,伪造
forfeit 罚金; counter-clockwise 逆时针的;
transact v.交易; transaction n.交易
acute
adj.1急性的2敏锐的3强烈的; 1.an acute disease 反义词:chronic;
2.an acute sense of smell; 3.acute pain
adapt
vt.使适应= adjust/accommodate/condition使适应
apt 1.(人)聪明的,敏捷的= clever; 2.be apt to do有做sth的趋势
adapt oneself to (只能接人,侧重结果)
adopt sth 采纳,接受adopt sb’s advice;
adopt sb 领养 adopt an orphan; an adopted son 养子
adoptive parents 养父母; opt/option/optional 选择
additional
adj.增加的,额外的= extra
address
v.发表演讲,做演讲; vt.称呼address sb as; n.地址(不重要); dress 衣服
address to sb at a meeting 在会上发言
adequate
adj.1令人满意的satisfying; 2.足够的(质量)
an adequate husband 令人满意的老公; an adequate salary 足够的薪水
equal adj.平等的,等同的; sufficient adj.足够的 enough(数量)
insufficient= deficient 不足的;
proficient n.adj.擅长(的),精通(的); be proficient/skilled/expert at/in
ample adj.大量的,丰富的; abundant adj.大量的,丰富的
adhere
vi.粘附,坚持 adhere to 坚持; adhere to the original plan坚持原计划
stick to=adhere to ; cling to a.指人-(固执)坚持b.粘在…上
insist on 坚持(主张); persist in doing sth 坚持继续do
persevere in doing (坚韧不拔的)继续做; severe 严酷的
adjust
vt.调整,调节(可接人,可接物,侧重过程) ; adjust a microscope/telescope
adjust oneself to 调整自己以适应…; adjust sth to
just adj.正直的,公正的,合理的; a just judge;
a just sentence 公正的判决; a just claim 合理的要求; 3.20
justice n.公正,正义,合理
administer
vt.管理; minister n.部长,大臣; administration n.管理
MBA=Master of Business Administration
admire
vt.钦佩,羡慕; envy vt.忌妒 envy sb’s good luck; appreciate 欣赏
admit
v.1承认admit doing/to doing (被迫)承认; 2.允许进入 -mit=go;
admission n.允许 an admission test 入学考试=entrance test
acknowledge doing; confess doing/to doing (罪行的)承认,忏悔
permit sb to do 允许
transmit a disease 传播疾病; transmit televised signals 传送电视信号
submit to sb= surrender to= give way to= give in to 屈服于sb;
omit 1遗漏,忽略2省略(故意的);
emit vt.发射= send out; emit light 发光
adolescent
n.青少年; scent 香水,香味
adopt
vt.采纳,收养 -opt 选择; adopt sb’s advice 采纳意见
adopt an orphan 收养孤儿; adopted son 养子; adoptive parents 养父母
advance
v.前进; vt. 提出= put/ bring forward; n.前进;进步 van- 前锋,先驱;
make progress/advance; advance to; advanced adj.先进的,高级的
advantage
n.优势 disadvantage 劣势
adventure
n.冒险(运动); venture n.(事业)冒险; a joint venture 合资企业
advertise
v.做广告; advertisement n.广告
advisable
adj.明智的= sensible; advise v.建议; advice n.建议
advisor n.顾问; advisory adj.顾问的
advocate
vt.倡导,提倡 advocate sth; vocal adj.嗓音的,发音的
affect
v.1感动affect/move sb; be affected by a story; 2.影响(贬义)
Smoking is apt to affect one’s health. 吸烟往往影响人的健康.
effect n.have an effect on sb/sth;
influence n. (中性) have an influence on sb
affection
n.爱= love; win sb’s affections赢得sb的爱;
affectionate adj.慈祥的,恩爱的; affectionate eyes/parents/couples
affiliate
vt.附在 n.分支机构,子公司,分公司; affiliate A to B= attach A to B固定在
a middle school affiliated to Renmin University人大附属中学
affluent
adj.富有的,富裕的; fluent adj.流利的; flu 流感
live in affluent circumstances
afford
v.承担的起,负担的起
agency
n.代理机构 XinHua agency; a news agency;
agent n.代理人 a housing agent
agenda
n.议事日程; on the agenda根据议事日程
aggravate
vt加剧,加重,恶化; aggravate an illness 加重病情
grave n.坟墓 adj.严重的,重大的; grave news 重大新闻 3.21
aggression
n.1.进取心,上进心2.挑衅,侵略 -gress 滚动,走
aggressive adj.1.有进取心的; 2.挑衅的,侵略的
congress 会议,国会; progress 进步; regress 退步
agony
n.剧痛pain/suffering; in agony;
aid
v.帮助; n.帮助; come to sb’s aid/rescue 来帮助/拯救sb
alarm
n.警报;vt.使恐慌 sound/give an alarm; an alarm clock
A Fare Well to Arms 永别了武器
alert
vt.使警觉
alienation
n.疏远; alien n.外星人,外国人; adj.陌生的; alienate vt.使疏远
alike
adj.(表语)adv.相同,相似; treak sb alike 同样的对待sb
like vt.喜欢 prep.像...一样 adj.相似的; Like father,like son.
likely adj.有可能be likely to do; adv. Most likely, S+V
allege
vt.宣称,认为; assume 认为(观点的提出); allege 认为(断言,宣称)
assert 认为(没有证据的断言); claim 认为(声称)
argue 1.主张,认为;2.(口)争执,争论; 3. 支持/反对argue for/against
appreciate 理解,欣赏,增长;感激(口)
imagine 想象,翻译成认为; consider 考虑,翻译成认为
我认为用: believe; hold that...; be of the opinion that...
allocate
vt.分配,分发; be located in= be situated in 坐落于
allowance
n.零花钱,津贴,补贴; allow 允许; dress allowance;
a housing allowance 住房津贴; entertainment allowance 招待费
ally
v.结为联盟 n.同盟国,支持者; rely vi.依赖,依靠 rely on
alter
v.改变(部分,程度) alter one’s trousers
alternate v.轮流使用; adj.轮流的alternate kindness with severity 恩威并施
alternative n.替代物,选择余地,选择方法
have no alternative but to do别无选择do
vary vt.使多样化 vi.浮动 vary one’s diet 使自己的饮食多样化
vary from A to B; vary between A and B; variety n.多样化,多样性
range v.浮动,变动n.范围,领域range from A to B ; range between A and B
modify 改进 modify the law修订法律
convert (两种事物之间的)转变 convert some dollars into RMB;
convert defeat into victory 转败为胜; convert criminals 改造罪犯
altitude
n.海拔高度 attitude 态度; longitude 经度; latitude 纬度
amateur
adj.业余的an amateur player; professional adj.专业的 3.24
amaze
vt.使惊异 be/feel amazed; astonish vt.使惊愕 be/feel astonished
ambitious
adj.雄心壮志的,野心勃勃的; ambition n.抱负,雄心;野心
a soaring ambition 凌云壮志; a modest ambition 一个中庸的志向
amendment
n.修订,修正案; mend 修理 ; amend v.修订; repair 修理
bill议案→act法案→amendment修正案; a pair of; impair 损害
ample
adj.大量的,丰富的 abundant
amplify
v.扩大
amuse
vt.娱乐,使愉快; amusement n.娱乐;
Muse 缪斯(掌管音乐,诗歌的神); music 音乐
analysis
n.分析 analyze vt.分析
ancestor
n.祖先forebear =forefather= ancestor=predecessor 祖先,前辈
offspring=descendant=posterity后代,子孙; post doctorate 博士后学位
ancient
adj.古代的 antique 古董
anguish
n.痛苦,苦恼 agony, suffering; vt.使极苦闷vi.感到痛苦; angry n.生气
anniversary
n.周年纪念
annoy
vt.激怒,使苦恼 irritate provoke
annuity
n.年金,养老金 annual adj.每年的
anticipate
v.1提前做好准备(考); 2= expect预料,期待(不考)
I don’t anticipate/expect too much trouble./
A good general should be able to ancitipate the enemy’s actions.
anti- 1.反 anti-war 反战; 2.= ante-= an- 前面,提前
ancient ancestor ; anterior to 比…更早,在…前面=prior to
superior to 级别的高于,优于; inferior to 低于,劣于
posterior to 在…后面,较晚的
apparatus
n.1一套仪器,一套装置a heating apparatus 一套供暖设备
2.器官=organ; digestive apparatus/organ消化器官
instrument 1科学仪器2乐器intricate/delicate instruments 复杂/精密
utensil 器皿,厨房器具 kitchen utensils; equipment 装备(集合n.)
appliance 电器household appliances 家电; apparatus 成套的仪器
3.25
apparent
adj.1表面的apparent indifference 表面的冷漠;
2明显的apparent difference 明显的不同
appear v.1看上去,似乎(=be)2出现; It is apparent to us that...
transparent adj.透明的
appeal
vi.appeal to 1.对…有感染力/吸引力; 2.诉诸,求助于3.呼吁,请求
Shakespeare’s works appeal to us a lot. 莎士比亚的作品对我们很有感染力
appeal to the law/arms 诉诸法律/武力;
appeal to the judge for mercy 请求法官给予怜悯
resort to/turn to/appeal to 求助于
coch 公鸡 peacock 雄孔雀; hen 母鸡 peahen 雌孔雀
chick peachick 小孔雀
appetite
n.胃口,欲望 pet 宠物; appetizer 饭前开胃菜; dessert 饭后甜点
have an appetite for 有…的欲望
applause
n.鼓掌,掌声; plausible adj.有理由的,合理的; applaud v.鼓掌
appliance
n.电器 apply 应用
applicable
adj.适用的,可应用的;
apply apply for a visa 申请签证; apply to teaching/practice 应用于
applicant n.申请者; application n.申请;
applicable adj.适用的,可应用的; be applicable to
apply oneself to +n. 忙于…; apply one’s energies to +n. 忙于…
appoint
vt.1任命2约定,约会; appoint sb to a vacancy; appoint a time/a place
appointment n.1任命; 2约会(date 男女约会)
have an appointment with sb.
disappoint vt.使失望; disappointment n.失望3.27
appraisal
n.评价,评估; appraise vt.评价,评估;
to appraise sb’s achievements/performance 评价sb的成就/表现
praise vt.n.赞扬,赞美; estimate 估计
assess 评价; asset 资产; possess 拥有 possessions 财产
to assess sb’s assets/possessions; evaluate 评价 value 价值
appreciate
vt. 1.理解 I appreciate your anxiety about your son’s illness.我很理解你的焦虑
2.增值 preci-=price; precious=valuable 宝贵的; invaluable 无价的
depreciate 贬值
3.感激appreciate sth; I appreciate your help a lot.(不能接人)
4.欣赏,鉴赏 to appreciate English poems.
approach
v.接近 approach to sb; Winter is approaching.
an approachable teacher 和蔼可亲的老师
make approaches to sb 追求sb,设法博得sb的好感
appropriate
adj.适当的,恰当的(文); on an appropriate occasion 适当的场合; vt.挪用
proper adj.适当的,恰当的(口语); property n.财产,所有权
approve
vi.同意,许可approve of sb’s marriage ; vt.批准,通过
agree to/with; consent to
apt
adj.1聪明的,敏捷的 an apt student;2有…趋势的,倾向于…的be apt to do
opt vi.opt for E as my major
adopt 采取,接受;领养; adapt 使适应
arise
vi.出现 arose arisen; appear= come up= spring up= turn up= emerge出现
A new difficult has arisen at the meeting.
rise vi. rose risen 上升; raise vt.升起,使出现
arouse
vt.激起,引起=cause; arouse sb’s indignation 义愤;
arouse sb’s suspicion 怀疑; arouse sb’s concern 关注
array
n.系列 an array of books一套图书; of its own accord 自愿的,自发的.
A series of circumstances has enabled justice to act of its own accord;
一系列的环境使正义能够自发的产生作用.
a set of; a train of; a succession of; a sequence of; an array of; a series of
arrest
n.v.逮捕
arrogant
adj.高傲的
article
n.1.文章2.物品
artificial
adj.人工的,非自然的,假的; artificial flowers/leather 假花/人造革
artificial satellite 人造卫星; natural 自然的; counterfeit 假钞
fake adj.假的,伪劣的,仿冒的v.伪造
forged 假的 a forged diploma假文凭; sham adj.假的,伪造的
fabricated adj.捏造的,编造的 a fabricated story 编造的报导
piratical 盗版的 pirate n.海盗vt.盗版; simulate vt.模拟,仿造
genuine 真正的 genuine leather真皮
ascend
v.上升; ascend the stairs; ascend the throne 登基
ancestor祖先; descend 下降 descendant 后代
ashamed
adj.羞愧的 be ashamed of; be acustomed to doing 习惯于
sham adj.假的,伪造的,仿冒的; shame n.羞耻;
shameful adj.可耻的(行为); a shameful cheat on exams
shameless adj.无耻的(人)
be sure/afraid/certain/ashamed/confident/convinced/envious/contemptuous of
主观感受形容词用 of 4.4
aspect
n.方面 -spect 看; respect n.方面 vt.尊重; expect 期待
inspect 检查,视察; prospect 前景,前途; introspect 内省;retrospect 回顾;
spectacle 景观; spectacles 眼镜; spectator 观众 viewer/audience
spectacular adj.壮观的; perspective 观点
assault
vi.(猛烈的)攻击; attack vi.进攻,攻击; raid vi.袭击;
assault/attack/raid on sb
assembly
n.(人)集合,集会,大会; sem-=sim-=same;
be similar to相似的; simulate模拟;
the freedom of assembly集会的自由; the General Assembly联和国大会
an assembly line/shop 生产线/车间
assemble vt.(人)召集,聚集,集中;(物)组装
to assemble the pupils for a game; to assemble a machine
assert
vt.认为,断言; allege 认为; insert 插入
assessment
n.评估 assess 评估
asset
n.资产 常用复数assets; assess sb’s assets/possessions
assignment
n.1.分配,委派2任务,作业; assign vt.分配,分发= allocate;
assign/allocate sb to do; assign/allocate sth to sb
sign 签名; resign 辞职,放弃; design 设计
assist
vt.帮助=help; assist sb with sth; assistant n.助手
insist 主张,坚持,认为 insist on doing
consist of vi.组成(无被动形式);
The class(个体) consists of 100 students(整体).
(整体)+be made up/composed/constituted/comprised of +(个体)
persist 坚持(继续) persist in doing;
resist vt.抵制,反对 resist the temptation
associate
v.1.交往,来往associate with sb; 2.vt.使联系,使联合associate A with B
adj.副的 associate professors 副教授
association n.1.交往2.联想3.俱乐部,协会; socia-社交
society n.社会; social adj.社会的,社交的
Ants are social animals.群居动物
assume
1.假设2.认为3.承担; assume one’s office 就职; resume sth (回来)继续;
assumption n.假设,观点,承担; presume 假设
An accused man is generally presumed (to be) innocent until his guilt proved.
consume 1.耗尽use up/run out/exhaust; 2.消耗,消费
be consumed with envy 妒火中烧; consumer 消费者
time-consuming labor-consuming
assure
vt.保证 assure sb of sth; assure sb that s’+v’
insure sth against 给sth投保; insurance company保险公司
ensure sth/that s’+v’ 确定,确信
guarantee=warrant 保证,担保; warranty of quality质量保证书
astonish
vt.使惊愕 amaze vt.使惊异
astronaut
n.宇航员,太空人; astro- 星体; astronomer 天文学家; astronomy 天文学
astronautics 航天学; aeronautics 航空学astrology 占星术
Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
disaster 灾难 catastrophe 灾难4.5
attach
vt.粘; attach A to B= affiliate A to B; attach a label to one’s luggage
attach much importance to…重视; attach oneself to…深深的依恋/眷恋
detach 断开,分开
attain
1.vt.取得,完成 2vt/vi.到达,达到attain (to) perfection臻于完美
attain one’s purpose; achieve=accomplish=attain vt.取得,得到
attain(到达)→obtain(得到)→pertain(属于)→entertain(娱乐)→retain(保持)→contain(容纳)→maintain(保养)→sustain(维持)→detain(耽搁)→abstain(戒除)
attempt
v.1.试图attempt to do ; 2.努力endeavor to do=try to do=make efforts to do
tempt v. 诱惑; temptation n.诱惑; resist temptation
contempt n.鄙视; be contemptuous of adj.鄙视的
contemptible adj.令人鄙视的
attend
vi.1.关注,应对,处理,应对attend to; attend to an emergency matter处理
attend to a sick man 照顾病人; pay attention to 关注
vt.2.出席 attend a meeting; attend Harvard 上哈佛; attend school 上学
tend 1.趋势tend to do往往…; 2.vt.照顾,照料look after
tend the cattle照顾牛群
tendency n.趋势; tender adj.(sb)仁慈的,和蔼的;(sth)娇嫩的
intend to do;intend doing 打算
intention(n.打算,目的); intentional(故意的,有意的);
intensive(精深的,深入的);
intensive reading 精读; intensive investigation 深入调查
extend 延伸 extend the railway;
extension(range范围,领域)→extensive(广泛的); extensive reading泛读
pretend to do 假装; contend v.竞争 contend against/with sb
expand(扩展,扩张) →expansion
attract
vt.吸引 vi.有吸引力,引起注意;
She was attracted by the novel advertisement.
attraction n.吸引; attractive adj.吸引人的,有魅力的
extract vt.拔出; n.节选; abstract 提炼,摘要,抽象;
distract 分散注意力; contract vi.收缩,挤压; n.合同
attribute
v.归功于,归属于,归因于attribute sth to sb;
attribute one’s success to good luck
tribute n.贡品
distribute sth to 分发,分配; contribute to vi.1为…做贡献2.有助于
Good luck contributes to one’s success; 3.vt.捐助sth; contribute sth to
contribute a sum of money to the refugees
auction
n./vt.拍卖
audience
n.观众(集合); auditor 听众,审计员;an auditor 一个观众; visitor 参观者
audible 听的见的; visible 看的见的;
aduitory 听觉的 visual 视觉的
auditorium 报告厅,演讲厅; gymnasium体操馆,健身房=gym
stadium 露天体育馆; oceanarium 海洋馆 aquarium水族馆
authority
n.权力,权威; right 权利; author n.作者; authority n.权威[c][u]
be an authority on English; be an expert at/in
be under the authority of sb 受sb的管理
authorities n.政府,当局; the local authorities地方当局
authorize vt.授权authorize sb to do= entitle sb to do= delegate sb to do
authentic adj.正宗的
automatic
adj.自动的ATM-Automatic Teller Machine; automobile 汽车=auto(美)
AT-automatic gear-shift; MT-manual gear-shift
automate(d) v.使自动化; autobiography 自传
autonomy
adj.自治的; autonomous region 自治区;
nominate vt.提名; synonym 近意词; sympathy 同情
auxiliary
adj.辅助性的,帮助性的 an auxiliary verb 助动词
available
adj.可使用的,可得到的; be available for;
avail vt.使用,有利于; Married But Available(搞笑MBA)
avert
vt.避免avert from; be averted by doing; avoid doing 避免
award
vt.授予 n.奖品; accord/grant/award/give sb sth 授予,给予
capture the first award夺得一等奖; reward vt.n.回报 reward sb sth
4.14
aware
adj.意识到的 be aware/conscious of/that s’+v’
He was aware of being watched.
awful
adj.可怕的 =terrible; awe 敬畏;可怕; awfully adv.非常,极其
I’m awfully sorry. 非常对不起
awkward
adj.1.设计不良的(物) an awkward bridge 2.笨拙的(人) an awkward man
3.尴尬的awkward silence
B(08-3-3)
bachelor
n.学士,单身汉
baggage
n.行李
bald
adj.秃头的; bold adj.勇敢的,冒失的
ban
vt.禁止,特指政府法规的禁止; ban sb from doing
prohibit sb from doing 正式的禁止; prevent sb from doing 口语中
stop sb from doing ;keep sb from doing; forbid sb to do ; bid 命令
Forbidden City 紫禁城
bankrupt
n.破产者; vt.使破产; adj.破产的,完全丧失 -rupt =break;
erupt= break out 突然爆发
disrupt 分裂 break away from; corrupt adj.腐败的vt.使腐败
barely
adv.几乎不; bare adj.裸露的(用法比较宽泛); naked/nude 裸露的(指人)
bare-fisted 赤手空拳的; bare-footed光着脚丫的;
bare-headed没戴帽子的; white-haired白发苍苍的 gray
scarcely/seldom/narely/rarely/hardly 很少,几乎不(半否定词)
bargain
n.划得来的交易,便宜货; It’s a real bargain…
barrier
n.障碍; barrier to 通往…的障碍; a barrier to success
obstacle to…// obstruction to 障碍
base
n.基础,基地(具体事物的基础); vi.建立在…基础上
a military base 军事基地; You must base your theory base on practice.
Your theory must be based on practice.
basis
n.基础(抽象); on the basis of practice 4.15
bear
vt.忍受,承担; bear a burden 承受负担;
endure 长期忍受 during 在...期间; put up with 忍受
tolerate vt.容忍+ 人的行为做宾语
beforehand
adv.提前= in advance
behalf
n.利益; in behalf of 为了...的利益; on behalf of 代表;
because – be the cause of
being
n.生命,存在= existence; 人(只能指人和动物); a human being 一个人
come into being 形成,存在; creature 生物(只能指人和动物)
belong
vi.属于 belong to; belongings 随身携带的物品;
earnings/gainings 收入; cleanings 垃圾; savings 积蓄
bend
v.弯曲 endless 无穷的
beneficial
adj.有益的,有好处的; bene- 好的; benefactor 恩人,慈善家
benediction 好的言辞,祝福; pronounce benediction 祝福祈祷
mal- 坏的 maltreat 虐待; be beneficial to 对…有益/好处
benefit
n.利益,好处vt.有利于,有益于; vi. benefit from 从…获得好处
beside
prep.在…旁边
besides
prep./adv.除…之外(还有); except 除…之外(没有)
Except Tom, nobody is present.; Besides Tom, Johns is present.
betray
vt.背叛,出卖,暴露; bet 打赌; ray 光线
betray Jesus to his enemies 出卖给敌人; betray oneself 暴露了自己
betray one’s identity 暴露了自己的身份;
betray one’s principles 背叛自己的原则
bias
n.偏见,偏爱 have a bias against/towards sb/sth;
biased/ prejudiced adj.态度题干扰项
bid
vt.命令,出价,投标; abide by 服从; bid on a bridge/project 投标…
bill
n.议案,帐单,钞票(口); billfold 钱包;
act 法案; amendment 修正案; pay the telephone bill
bind
vt.捆绑 bound bound; bound 弹跳; be bound to do 一定要做sth
find-found found 建立
wind-wound上发条,蜿蜒; wound 伤
grind-ground 磨刀; ground 大地
A be bound up with B. A和B密不可分
be bound for 定期驶往.for 强调目的性
sail for...; set out for…; make for… 4.17
blame
vt.责怪; blame sb for sth 因为sth责怪sb
sb be to blame for sth 无被动,用主动!!; scold reproach
blank
adj.空白的; a white piece of paper 一张白纸
a blank piece of paper 一张空白的纸
give sb a blank cheque/look 空白支票/茫然的看了sb一眼
blast
n.一阵(风),爆炸,冲击波; vt.爆炸= explode= blow up= burst; last 持续
bleak
adj.萧瑟的(天气阴冷的),凄凉的; bleak prospects 黯淡的前景
block
vt.封锁,阻止,常跟from; lock 锁
bloom
v.(使)繁荣,(使)开花; room; loom n.织布机 v.隐隐出现
boom 迅速,繁荣; a booming city 一个发展迅猛的城市
groom 新郎 bride 新娘
blunder
n.大错误
board
n.板 aborad 在船/飞机上
boast
vi.吹嘘; There is nothing to boast of/about…
bold
adj.勇敢的/鲁莽的n.粗体
bond
n.契约,约束
bonus
n.奖金,红利 dividend n.分红,红利
boom
v.迅速,繁荣 a booming city 一个发展迅猛的城市
boost
vt.推动
booth
n.摊位 a telephone booth电话亭
bore
vt.使厌烦 ; boring 令人厌烦的 bored 感到厌烦的
interesting-interested; surprising-surpised
bother
v.烦扰 brother 兄弟
bound
adj.被束缚的n.跳,范围vi.弹跳; rebound 反弹; boundary n.边界
brain
n.大脑 drain 阴沟,下水道; brain drain 人才流失
breach
n.缺口,违背; vt.打破,突破
breed
vt.繁殖,抚养breed cattle;
an Englishman (born and bred)一个土生土长的英国人
raise 饲养(动物),种植(植物),筹集(钱); bring up 抚养
bribe
n.vt.贿赂 rib 肋骨; bride 新娘4.21
brief
adj.简短的n.摘要,大纲vt.摘要; To be brief ,s+v= In brief , s+v 简言之
broad
adj.宽阔的; broad-minded 心胸宽广的; narrow-minded 心胸狭窄的
abroad adv.到国外; board 板 aboard 在船/飞机上
brutal
adj.畜生的,禽兽的,残忍的; brute n.畜生; cruel adj.残忍的
mercy n.怜悯 merciless adj.残忍的; salvage adj.野蛮的; n.野人
budget
n.预算vi.做预算; bud n.蓓蕾vi.发芽,萌芽
burden
n.担子,负担,责任,义务; vt.使负担,给予麻烦burden a horse with a load
bureau
1.办公桌2.处,局; board of directors 董事局,董事会;
board of election 选举委员会
burst
v./n.爆炸 explode ;blow up;blast
burst with anger 勃然大怒; burst into tears 放声大哭
burst into the room 闯入房间
by-business
n.副业; vocation 职业; avocation 副业;
political 政治的 apolitical 非政治的
by-law
n.公司章程
by-product
n. 副产品
C(08-4-3)
cabinet
n.小木屋;信号房;橱柜;内阁; Uncle Tom’s Cabin汤姆叔叔的小屋
booklet 小册子; piglet 小猪; islet 小岛
cabinet 橱柜-内阁; board 会议桌-领导机构; bureau 写字台-处,局
chamber 卧室-议院,议会; the upper/lower chamber 上/下议院
cable
n.光缆 cable TV 有线电视
calculate
vt.计算,估计; vi.认为 ; reckon估计 suppose 认为
campaign
n.战役,运动; camp 营地; campus 校园; a political campaign 政治运动
an advertising campaign 广告活动; promotion campaign 促销活动
cancel
vt.取消,删除
candidate
n.候选人,考生
capable
adj.有能力的be capable of doing(可指人,指物); = be able to do(指人)
handicap 残疾,障碍
capacity
n.能力,容量; This auditorium has a seating capacity of 500
auditorium 演讲厅,报告厅-ium 建筑物;
stadium 体育馆,体育场(露天的); gymnasium 健身房
oceanarium 海洋馆; aquarium 水族馆 4.22
captive
n.俘虏 abuse captive 虐俘
capture
vt.占据;抓; capture a city 占据一个城市; capture a thief 抓了一个贼
capture several captives 抓俘虏; capture sb’s heart 赢得sb的心
capture the first prize/award; capture a new market
career
n.事业 care 小心,认真
cargo
n.(运输途中的)货物; a cargo plane/ship; freight (美语) (运输途中的)货物
carve
vt.雕刻,切开; vi.雕刻
case
n.例子;病例;案例;情况; a case in point is that…一个明例是...
a case of flu 一个流感的病例; a criminal case 刑事案件
in case of +n.… 万一,以防; in case that s’+v’
You’d better take an umbrella in case of rain
In case of fire ,please dial 119. ; In case that there is a fire,please dial 119.
in this case;in that case; in any case 无论如何
in no case= under no circumstances= by no means = on no account决不
I shall surrender in no case.
cash
n.现金 in cash ; by cheque; May I pay by cheque.
casual
adj.偶然的,偶尔,邂逅; a casual glance/meeting 不经意的一瞥
casualty
n.伤亡 casualty list 伤亡名单
cater
vi.迎合 cater to/for; cater to low tastes迎合低级趣味
cater to universal tastes 迎合大众口味
caution
adj.谨慎的; be cautions of … 对…谨慎
cease
vt.停止; cease fire 停火; stop to do/doing; cease to do/doing
celebrate
v.庆祝 accelerate 加速
cement
n.水泥vt.加固; cement the friendship with sb
consolidate vt.加固; solid 固体; reinforce 加固,增援
centigrade
n.摄氏度 Fahrenheit 华氏度
ceremony
n.典礼,仪式,礼节; stand on ceremony 拘泥于礼节
certificate
n.证明材料; certify v.证实; certain adj.肯定的
a birth certificate 出生证明; health certificate 健康证明
challenge
n.挑战 champion 冠军
characteristic
n.特征 adj.特有的; character 人物,性格; leading characters 领衔主演
Mr J’s character is passion
charge
vt.收费charge sb 50 pence; 指控charge sb with sth= accuse sb of sth
n.收费; additional charges
charity
n.救济,慈善(团体) live on charity
charming
adj.迷人的a charming lady; harm 伤害; fancinating令人着迷的
attractive 吸引人的,有吸引力的
chase
vt.追逐; purchase 购买; purse (女士)钱包; chase the cattle away
check
n.支票by check ; in cash ; vt.克制,抑制; check one’s impulse 克制冲动
cheque
n.支票
cherish
vt.珍惜,珍爱,怀有; prize n.奖品vt.珍惜; value n.价值vt.珍惜
treasure n.财宝 vt.珍惜
chief
adj.首席的 CEO=Chief Executive Officer
chronic
adj.慢性的; acute 急性的,剧烈的; an acute disease ; a chronic disease
circular
adj.圆形的,环形的; circle n.圆圈; cycle n.v.循环
bicycle - bike ; tricycle - trike ; a circular road
circulate
v.流通 blood circulation 血液循环
circumstance
n.环境,情形; under/in these circumstances; under no circumstances 决不
civil
adj.民事;文明的;国内的; criminal n.罪犯;adj.刑事的;civil case民事案件
have a civil/rough tongue 说话文明/粗鲁
civil war 内战; civilize vt.使文明; civilization n.文明
claim
vt. 声称,主张,认为; acclaim 欢呼; proclaim 宣布
clarify
vt.澄清 clear 清楚的
clash
n.冲突,和…冲突; lash 猛抽,猛砍,猛击
have a clash with sb; have a conflict/collision with sb
be in conflict/collision/clash with… 和…冲突
be in accord/agreement/line with… 和…一致
contradiction 反驳,矛盾; contrary 相反的contrast 对立的,反差的
classical
adj. 古典; classic 经典; cllassify 分级,分类; first-class teachers
clause
n.从句,条款
client
n.顾客,当事人 customer patron
climax
n.高潮climb+maxi; maxi-大的; micro-,mini-小的
microphone miniscope 显微镜
tele- 遥远的 telescope telephone television
maxieconomics 宏观经济学
heliport helicopter airport; motel motor hotel
smog smoke fog; netizen net citizen; sexpert sex expert(专家)
cling
vi.粘紧,附着,坚持; cling to adhere to stick to
clue
n.线索; a clue to ; not have a clue 毫无头绪
clumsy
adj.笨拙的
coarse
adj.沙哑的; a coarse throat 沙哑的喉咙; coarse foods 粗粮
coarse/refined wine 劣酒/佳酿; coarse manners 粗俗的行为
code
n.编码,代码 zip code 邮编
coincidence
n.凑巧 What a coincidence! coincident 巧合的
incident (大,小)事件 accident 事故; by accident= by chance 偶然的
collaborate
vi.合作 collaborate with
collapse
vi.坍塌,崩溃He collapsed at the sad news.; lapse 小错误; blunder 大错
a lapse of the tongue/memory/pen 口误/记错/笔误
colleague
n.同事; league 同盟; workmate 同事; deskmate 同桌
classmate ; schoolmate; homemate;
fellow teacher ; fellow doctors ; fellow prisoners 狱友
collide
vi.相互碰撞,冲突; lid 盖子
combat
n./v. 打斗 campaign 战役
combine
vt.联合 combine A to B
comfort
vt使舒服 comfortable 舒服的
command
命令 command sb to do; commander 司令; commander-in-chief 总司令
comment
n.评论; make a comment/remark about/on; no comment 无可奉告
vi.评论 comment on
commercial
adj.商业的 ; commerce n.商业
commit
vt. give ; -mit= go; commitment 承诺,约定,责任
commit a crime/an error 犯罪/犯错; commit a suicide(自杀) 自杀
commit sth to paper 记下; commit sth to pan 记下,写下
commit a child to sb 把孩子委托给sb; commit oneself to sth致力于sth
commit sth to flames 付之一炬,焚烧give;
committee委员会 ; employee 雇员
commodity
n.商品 commerce 商业; commode 橱柜; commodious adj.宽敞的
accommodate 容纳
communicate
vi.交流,通讯 ; telecommunication= telecom 电信;
Unicom 联通 unicommunication; the United States
community
n.社区,交往的圈子
commute
vi.定期往返于,通勤; commute between A and B
companion
n.伙伴[c]; company [u] ; accompany vt.陪伴
compare
vt.比较; compare A with B 把A和B比较; compare A to B 把A比作B
para- parallel 平行; paramount 最高级的,最重要的,一流的
paraphrase 替换表达; paragraph段落; graph 图表 -graph 写,画
compassion
n.同情 ; passion 激情; compassionate adj.同情的
sympathy n.同情,同情心; sympathize with vi.同情,同感,共鸣
compatible
adj.相容的 compatible with; pat 轻轻拍打
compensate
vi.补偿,赔偿 ; pension 养老金; compensate for= make up for 补偿…
competent
adj.称职的,有能力的,胜任的; adequate 1称职的,胜任的2.足够的
competition
n.竞争; compete with 竞争; compete against sb 和sb竞争
competitive adj.有竞争力的; competitor n.竞争对手
compile
vt.1编纂2罗列,编排 ; pile v.堆;
compile a list of dishes/books 罗列一个菜/书单
complain
vi.抱怨 plain adj.明白的n.平原; complain of/about sth 抱怨sth
complaint 投诉
complement
vt.补充; n.补足物 complete 完成
complex
adj.复杂的(结构)
complicated
adj.复杂的(形式);
involved be involved in 卷入; an involved sentence一个复杂句
sophisticated 尖端的,高级的(sth);世故的人,精明的(sb)
freshman 大一新生 sophomore 大二
philosopher 哲学家 philo-爱-soph智慧; sophist 诡辩家
compliment
n./vt.赞美,赞扬; comply comply with 和…保持一致,符合,服从
compose
vi.组成; 整体+be composed of+材料(个体) ; be made up of +材料
be comprised/constituted of +材料; 整体+consist of+ 材料 (无被动)
compose a poem 作诗; compose a song 作曲;
composition 作文,成分,合成物
compound
adj.复合的;vt.调和,掺和,混合; compound a medicine 配药
comprehend
v.理解; reading comprehension 阅读理解; comprehensible 可以理解的
comprehensive
adj. 综合的
compress
vt.挤压,压缩 ; impress 给…印痕;印象; suppress =repress 镇压,取缔
express 表达; Depression 大萧条
depress 使情绪低落,使沮丧;使萧条; in high spirit 情绪很高
pressure 压力; pressing 紧急的,急切的
compromise
n./v.达成妥协 promise 承诺
conceal
vt.隐瞒,隐藏; conceal sth from sb; conceal the truth
concede
v.相互妥协 compromise 达成妥协;
ceed-cess cede-cession; proceed –process;
precede -precession 在…前面in the preceding paragraph 前面的
precedent 史无前例; recede 退回,经济衰退
exceed-excess 超出…范围
conceive
v.怀孕;想象,理解; conception n. ; conceptive adj.想象的
receive 收到;招待; recept n.收据 ; reception desk 接待处
reception hotel 招待所; receptive 善于接受的,能接纳的
deceive vt.欺骗; deception n.欺骗; deceive sb into doing
deceptive adj.欺诈的; perceive vt.感觉,感受; perception n.感觉;
perceptive adj. 知觉的; 感觉(敏锐)的; 有理解力的
concentrate
vt.集中; concentrate one’s attention/energies on 集中精力做sth
focus…on… 聚焦
concern
vt.涉及As far as sb/sth is concerned, 就sb/sth而言 (万能写作句型)
concerning= regarding= as regards= with regard to=about +n. prep 关于
concern oneself with/about 忙于,从事于
be concerned about 为…而忧虑,关注…
concise
adj.简洁的; -cise 切割; precise adj.精确的; precious 宝贵的(有价位的)
accurate ; precise ; exact 精确的; suicide 自杀 ; homicide 杀人
pesticide= nsecticide 杀虫剂;
fratricide 杀兄; fraternal 兄弟的;
matricide 杀母; maternal love 母爱; paternal 父亲的; patricide 杀父
concrete
adj.具体的; abstract adj.抽象的v.提炼n.摘要;
particular adj.特别的; general 总的
condemn
vt.谴责;判处 damn 诅咒,谴责; scold blame reproach 责备
be condemned/sentenced to death/ life imprisonment被判处死刑/终生监禁
sentenced 宣判
condense
v.压缩,浓缩; dense 稠密的; densely-populated 人口稠密的
thinly-polulated 人口稀少的; a dense forest 稠密的森林
conduct
v.疏导,传到n.行为,做; -duce管道; conductor 导体;列车员
semiconductor 半导体; conduct an experiment 做实验
confer
v.商讨 conference 协商,会谈,会议;
refer to 参阅,参考 ; reference n.提及,涉及,参考书
confess
vt.承认vi.confess to ; acknowledge vt. ; admit vt.承认vi.admit to
confident
adj.有信心的; confidence n.信心,信任,信赖;
have confidence sth in 对…有信心; be confident in ; have trust in sth
have faith in sth; belief believe in
confidential
adj.机密的 ; a confidential secretary 机要秘书
confine
vt.限制,被限制 ; fine adj.好的; vt.处罚; limit restrict 限制
strict with adj.严格的; confine/ limit/ restrict sb to doing
confirm
vt.证实; firm adj.坚定的; confirm a report 证实一个报导
conflict
n.冲突clash collision; afflict vt.折磨,使痛苦; be in confilit with sb
contradiction(反驳,矛盾)
conform
vi.和…保持一致; conform to/with the law 遵守法律;
conply with 服从,遵守
confront
vt.使面对; be confronted with=be faced with 面对
confuse
vt.使迷惑,使混淆; Don’t confuse Austria and Australia.
fuse n.导火索,导火线; refuse 拒绝; confuse 使迷惑,使混淆
infuse 灌输; diffuse 传播,传布; differ v.不同,有分歧 ; different
dioxide 二氧化物; dilemma 进退两难,两难之间; dialogue 对话
profuse 大量的(超纲); transfuse 转移注入; transfuse blood to sb
congress
n.议会
conquer
vt.克服,征服; conquer numerous difficulities 克服大量困难
conquer a country 征服国家; William the conqueror 征服者威廉
confucious 孔子(孔夫子); mandarin 官员(满大人)
conscience
n.良心 ; have a clear conscience 问心无愧; no conscience 没良心
conscientious
adj.知觉的,察觉的;尽职尽责的;
I am conscious of being watched. 我感觉有人在看我.
conscious
adj.有知觉的,有意识的; consciousness n.知觉,意识
lose one’s consciousness丧失知觉; recover one’s consciousness 恢复知觉
consent
vi.同意 consent to ; aggree with sb; absent 缺席; present 出席
consequence
1.结果,后果(通常指不良的结果)result/outcome; 2.重要性,重要意义
It is of great consequence that…; a man of great consequence 要人VIP
conservation
n.保存,保持,节约; conserve 保存,保持; preserve 保持
a well-preserved lady 一位保养很好的女士; preserved vegetable 咸菜
preserved eggs 腌鸡蛋; preserved beeves 酱牛肉
deserve 值得得到,应该的; I don’t deserve you.我配不上你
You deserve it.你活该; observe 观察
reserve 保留,保存,预订; reserve a ticket 订票
reserve the first row for sb ; reservoir 水库
conservative
adj.保守的
considerable
adj.可观的,大的; considerate adj.体贴的
consist
vi.组成 consist of;
consistent
adj.一致的,一贯的
console
vt.安慰 sole adj.唯一的
consolidation
n.加固 solid 固体; consolidate v.加固,巩固; reinforce 加固
cement vt.巩固n.水泥
constant
n.始终如一,常数,恒量; adj. 不变的,持续的,坚决的
I have a constant mind for you. ;
constantly adv. 不变地, 经常地,坚持不懈地
constitution
n.宪法 be consituted of 由…组成
construct
vt.建设,建造; n.结构,概念,观念; structure 结构; destruction 破坏
obstruct vt.阻止,阻塞; instruct 指导instrct sb to do
consult
vt.咨询 consult a teacher; consult a dictionary ; refer to a dictionary
consultant 顾问 advisor
consume
v.消费,用尽,耗尽
contact
vt./n.接触 come into touch/contact with sb; Please contact me!
contain
vt.容纳; attain-obtain-pertain-retain-contain-maintain-sustain-detain-abstain
contaminate
vt.污染,弄脏
contemporary
adj同时代的,当代的; temporary /permanent address 临时/永久住址;
contend
v.竞争
content
n.内容(所容纳的东西); adj.心满意足的; contain container 容器
the contents of the room; the content of the book
be content with sb=be satisfied with 对…满意
contest
n.v.竞争,竞赛; protest against 抗议
continual
adj.频繁的; continuous adj.持续不断的The dog is continually barking.
continually adv.频繁地,经常地; continuously adv.持续不断地
be always/continually/constantly/forever + doing 表示动作的频繁发生
contract
vt.压缩,浓缩n.合同; compress condense 浓缩
contradiction
n.反驳,矛盾
contrary
adj.相反的 on the contrary; the+adj.=n.
contrast
n.反差,对比反差 by contrast; a contrast side
contribute
vi.贡献 contribute to; tribute n.贡品
controversy
n.论战 verse 诗歌,韵文
convention
n.习俗 custom 风俗
convert
vt.改变,转换,兑换; convert victory into defeat 反胜为败
convert a sofa into a bed; convert criminals 改造罪犯
convey
vt.运输,运算,表达The words fail to convey my heart.言语不能表达我的心情
convict
vt.宣告/宣告sb有…罪行; convict sb of sth 使sb相信自己的罪行
sentence condemn 宣判;
convince
vt.使信服; convince sb of sth ; convince sb that s’+v’;
conviction n.深信,坚信; convincing令人信服的; convinced感到信服的
surprise suiprising surprised; interest interesting interested
cooperate
v.合作 cooperation n.; operate 操作
coordinate
vt.协调,调节; ordinate adj.有规则的,正确的;
ordinary adj.普通的,平凡的; subordinate 下级,下属
cope
vi.应付,处理; cope with ; deal with ; handle vt.
correlate
v.相关; relate 相关; solve 解决 ; resolve 决心做
be related to sb (指人)和sb有亲属关系; (指物)和sth相关
relevant adj.切题的,相关的; be relevant to
relative n亲属 representative n.代表
correspond
vi.通信往来; correspond with 和…保持通信往来
correspondent n.通信员,通讯员;
respond vi.反应 respond to; response n.反应 response to
responsible adj.负责任的; respondent n.被告
corrupt
adj.腐败的vt.使腐败
costly
adj.成本很高的,代价很高的a costly victory
friend friendly 友好的; miser miserly 小器的
scholar scholarly 有学者风范的
council
n.政务会,议会; the State Council 国务院;
a municipal council 市政会议; preside over 主导
counsel
vt.劝告,建议
counterpart
n.对应的角色
counterfeit
n.伪钞,假币; forfeit 罚金
course
1.菜dish2.课程3.过程4.方向change the course 改变航向,改变方向
appetizer开胃菜 main course主菜; dessert 饭后甜点
required courses 必修课; optional courses 选修课
in the due course 在适当的时候; in the course of 在…期间
crash
n./v. 撞击 crash into; air crash 空难
credit
n.信用 credit card 信用卡; credible 可信的; credulous 感到相信的
be credulous of 对…轻易相信;
envy enviable令人忌妒的; envious感到忌妒的 be envious of
contempt 鄙视; contemptible 令人鄙视的;
contemptuous 感到鄙视的 be contemptuous of 鄙视…行为
incredible 令人难以置信的(褒义); incredulous 不轻易相信的
by check in cash; buy/sell sth on credit 赊买/卖
creep
vi.悄悄的走 sleep peep 偷窥; peeping Tom 偷窥狂
criminal
adj.犯罪的,刑罚的a criminal case 刑事案件; n.罪犯 ;
crime罪行 ; commit a crime 犯了一个罪行
critical
adj.1.批评的be critical of/about ; critic n.批评家; skeptic 怀疑者;
heretic 异教徒; mechanic 机械工 cynic 愤世嫉俗者
2.危险的at one’s/a critical moment/ stage 正处于危险关头/阶段
3.极为重要的vital,crucial
It is vital/crucial/critical that s’+v’sb做sth是极为重要的
crucial
adj.极为重要的 vital/ critical
crude
adj未经提炼的,原始状态的not refined, still in its original state
crude oil/ore/material 原油/矿石/材料; rude adj.粗鲁的
a rude reply 一个粗鲁的答复; original 最初的,起源的
cruel
adj.残忍的merciless,savage,brutal; mercy n.怜悯
cultivate
vt.培养,培植cultivate a rare flower培植一种罕见的花; cultivator 播种机
cultivate good taste 培养自己的审美力;
cultivate teamwork spirit 培养团队精神; culture 文化
cunning
adj.狡猾的 a cunning fox/politician
curb
vt.抑制 curb one’s anger
cure
vt.治愈 treat 治疗 cure sb of
curiosity
n.好奇心 curious 好奇的; curious children/neighbors
current
n.流; adj.1流通的2如今的,当今的; a (cold) current of water/air/electricity
1.current money/assets/accounts 通货;流动资产;活期帐户
deposit accounts 固定帐户
2.current events 时事; the current situation 当前行使
the current week 本周; currency n.货币,通货
cycle
n.循环 circle n.圈; bicycle ; monocycle 独轮车;
monk 和尚 mon-单独的; tricycle 三轮车 recycle 回收利用
D(08-7-3)
damage
vt.破坏(能修好) ; dam n.大坝; destroy 强力摧毁(不能修好)
ruin 彻底毁灭; huit sb 伤害; spoil a child 宠坏孩子
spare a rod and spoil a child 不打不成器
damp
adj. 潮湿的
dash
v. 猛冲 ; crash 猛烈撞击
dazzle
vt.使目眩,眼花; a dazzling lady耀眼的; a dazzling diamond令人目眩的钻石
deadly
adj.致命的 ;fatal ; mortal
There is no rule but has exceptions. 任何规则都有例外
dealer
n.经营者,商人; deal with ; cope with 处理,应对; deal in 经营
book dealer 书商; horse dealer 马犯
debate
n.争论,争执(极为正式); argument(口语)争论; dispute(两者之间)
argument 1.主张,观点2.论据,理由
decay
v.腐朽,烂掉; a decaying tooth 一颗蛀牙; a decaying tree一棵快死掉的树
deceive
vt.欺骗deceive sb into doing; conceive 怀孕,想象; perceive 察觉
receive 收到,接待
decent
adj.体面的,优雅的; innocent 清白的
decisive
adj.决定的,决心的 decide
decline
vt.1.下倾,下降2.婉拒; incline 倾斜; be inclined to do/sth 倾向于…
a declining birthrate 逐渐下降的出生率;
decline sb’s invitation 婉拒sb的邀请; reject 断然拒绝
decorate
vt.装点,装饰 decorate the streets with flags
decrease
v.减少 ; increase 增加; ascend 上升 ; descend 下降
dedicate
vt.致力于dedicate/ commit/ devote oneself to sth
be dedicated/committed/devoted to 致力于sth
deduct
vt.减 ; subtract ; conductor 导体,疏导,列车员
deem
v.想,认为 =believe I deem that…
default
n.默认(值),缺省(值),食言,不履行责任,缺席; vt.拖欠,不履行…,不参加
defect
n.缺陷; perfect adj.完美的; defeat 击败 feat 壮举
deficit
n.赤字; deficient adj.缺乏
definition
n.定义 ; define 下定义; definite adj.明确的,绝对的
defy
vt.藐视 ; deny 否定; defy an authority/the law藐视权威/法律
delay
v./n.耽搁 ; lay-lain 放置; relay 接力赛 a relay race
delegate
vt.授权delegate/authorize to do; entitle to do/to sth(考试必选)
deliberate
adj.刻意的,有意的 ; liberate vt.解放,释放
delicate
adj.1.柔软的,温柔的soft,tender ; a delicate of a baby娇嫩的皮肤
delicate china 精美的瓷器; a delicate instrument 精密的仪器
delicate foods 清淡可口的食物
delighted
adj.感到高兴的
deliver
vt.1递送2.发表;delivery n.
deliver newspapers/letters 递送报纸/信件; deliver a speech 发表演讲
demand
n.v.理所应当的要求; demand sb to do ; command sb to do 命令
reprimand sb to do 责备(超纲); scold,blame,reproach
request 请求; require 客观的要求
democratic
adj.民主的; demo-民众; democracy 民主 ;
-cracy 政体; autocracy 专制政体; monocracy 君主政体
demonstrate
1.vi.游行示威; 2.vt.演示,展示show; 3.证明,论证
denounce
vt.公开指责,揭发,揭露; announce 宣布 ; pronounce 发音
appreciate 1.理解2.欣赏3.增值4.感激; depreciate 贬值
dense
adj.稠密的 densely-populated 人口稠密; thinly-populated 人口稀少
a dense fog 大雾
deny
vt.否定 deny doing 拒绝
depart
adj.过去的,分开的vi.出发 ; depart time 始发时间; depart from从哪出发
dependent
adj.依赖的,依靠的; independent (out) of 独立于…
deposit
v.沉淀,存放,付定金; deposit/draw a sum of money in the bank 存钱
withdrawal a sum of money from the bank 取钱
deposit the books on the desk ; deposit/current accounts 定/活期帐户
depreciation
n.贬值 appreciate 增值
depress
vt.使沮丧,使萧条
deprive
vt.剥夺 deprive sb of sth; rob sb of sth 抢夺某人某物;
steal sth from sb 偷某人某物
deputy
n.代理人
derive
vi.起源derive from= arise from= result from= stem from= evolve from
= come from 起源于; stem n.茎vi.起源,发生;阻止; arise 出现
descendant
n.子孙后代 offspring posterity
descent
n.下降 descend v.下降; decent 体面的,优雅的
desert
vt.遗弃,抛弃 abandon; n.沙漠
deserve
vt.应该得到,值得得到; I can’t deserve you.; You deserve it !活该
design
vt.设计vi.企图,谋划; assign 分配,指派; resign 辞职
designate
vt.任命,委派,指派; designate sb as successor ;
appoint 任命; promote vt.提升; successor 继承者
desirable
adj.理想的; desire n.欲望; sire 国王陛下
I am desirous of that desirable position. 我渴望得到那个理想的职位.
desperate
adj.孤注一掷的 despair n.绝望; a desperate criminal一个穷凶极恶的罪犯
despise
vt.看不起,鄙视 look down upon; despise the snobs 鄙视势力小人
destination
n.目的地 ; destine 注定; be destined to fail/succeed; destiny 命运
destroy
vt.强力摧毁 damage 损坏
detain
vt.耽搁,扣留,阻止 ; delay 耽搁
detect
v.探查出,探明,侦查出; detect the true 查出真像;
detective n./adj.侦探(的) ; a detective story;
relative 亲戚 representative 代表
determine
v.决心determination决心,决定
be determined to do (vt.); determine to do (vi.)
devise
vt.设计,想出; devise ways of doing 想方设法做sth
devise a nuclear device 设计一个核装置; device 装置
devote
vt.致力于 devote oneself to ; dedicate/commit oneself to;
devotion n.热爱,投入
diagnose
v.诊断; nose 鼻子 ; diagnosis n.诊断 ; prescribe 开药方
cure 治愈 ; treat 治疗; recover 恢复 recuperate 康复,恢复
dictate
vt.口授 dictation 听写 ; dictator 口授者,独裁者
diffuse
v.散布,传播adj.散开的,弥漫的; fuse 导火索; differ 分歧;
deffuse knowledge
digest
n.文摘v. 消化; Some books are to be tasted,others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.
chewing gum 口香糖; chew 咀嚼; swallow 吞咽; assimilate 吸收
energy 能量 ability 能力
dignity
n.尊严
dilemma
n.进退两难; di-两个; dialogue对话 ; dioxide 二氧化物; oxygen 氧气
differ 分歧 ; diffuse 传播,传布
diligent
adj.勤奋的
diminish
v.减弱,减少; mini-小的; miniskirt 迷你裙 ministate 袖珍小国
diploma
n.文凭; diplomat n.外交官; diplomacy n.外交;
diplomatic adj.擅于外交的
disable
vt.使残疾; the disabled 泛指残疾人(委婉)
the deformed 畸形人(冒犯); the handicapped 残疾人
disastrous
adj.灾难性的; -aster 星; disaster 天灾,灾难; astrology 占星术
actor 演员 actress 女演员
discern
v.区别,辨明; concern 焦虑,关注; distinguish A from B v.区分,辨明
distinct adj.不同的
discipline
n.纪律,学科; disciple 门徒 bold adj.勇敢的,冒失
disclose
vt.揭露,透漏; enclose vt.封闭; disclose one’s address 泄漏sb的地址
enlarge 扩大; enclose the land by a fence 用篱笆圈地
discount
v./n.打折扣 at a discount; count 数数 ; a puma at large
discriminate
vi.歧视 criminal 犯罪; discriminate against sb 歧视sb
disgrace
vt.使蒙羞 n.耻辱; grace 优雅; graceful 优雅的; disgrace one’s family
graceless 不优雅 disgraceful 可耻的
disguise
n./vt.掩藏,掩饰;a blessing in disguise塞翁失马;disguise oneself as 装扮成
dismay
vt.使沮丧 dismaying 令人沮丧的; dismayed 感到沮丧的
dismiss
vt.打发,开除,解散; miss 想念; You are dismissed!解散
dispatch
vt.派送,发送; patch 补丁; deliver 递送
disperse
vt.驱散=scatter ; disperse/scatter the crowd
display
n./vt.展览,展示
disposal
n.处理,支配 at one’s disposal 处于sb的掌管之中
That car is now at my disposal. 这辆车归我使用
dispose
vi.1.处理掉2.安排,掌管; pose 摆放,放置 position 姿势,位置
dispose of= get ride of= remove 除掉
dispose of one’s opponent 干掉sb的对手
Man proposes, God disposes. 谋事在人,成事在天
dispute
n./v.争执; argument 争执(口),论点,论据,理由(文); debate 正式的争执
beyond dispute 无可争议的; a matter in dispute 有争议的事情
disregard
vt./n.不理,不顾; regard 1.关注(常用否定句中); 2.看作regard sb as…
He never regards my wishes. 他从来不顾我的感受
disregard sb’s warning 不顾sb的警告
ignore (故意)忽视; nor 也不;
Just ignore these rude remarks! 不要在意那些粗鲁的评论
neglect 长期忽视本应关注的事情;
neglect one’s wife/study冷落妻子/忽视学习
neglect one’s appearance 不修边幅; graceless不优雅; disgraceful 可耻
disrupt
vt.分裂= break away; erupt 爆发= break out; corrupt 腐败; bankrupt 破产
distinguish
v.区分…不同; distinct adj.不同的
distort
vt.扭曲 distort the truth/history
distract
vt.分散注意力; tractor
distress
vt.使痛苦; tress 秀发;feel distressed感到痛苦的;distressing令人痛苦的
distribute
v.分配,分发; contribute to 贡献
diverse
adj.多种多样的 ; diversity n.多样性,多样化
divert
v.分流,改变航向; divert the course of the river; divert sb’s attention
convert A into B 转换;
recreation 娱乐,消遣; pastime 爱好,消遣; diversion 爱好,娱乐
dividend
n.分红,红利 ; bonus 红利
divorce
vt.离婚 divorce one’s husband
domestic
adj.国内的,家庭的; dome 圆屋顶;
domestic affairs/violence/animal 国内事件/家庭暴力/家畜
dominant
adj.统治的,主导的; a dominant position 主导地位
dominate
vi.统治 dominate over sth 统治sth
donate
vt.把某物捐给…donate sth to; donate a sum of money to the Red Cross
donate/contribute/subscribe sth to 捐赠sth
subscribe 1.签署2.订阅3.捐赠
drain
n.阴沟vt.排出,喝干,耗尽vi.流干; brain drain 人才流失
dramatic
adj.戏剧性的,生动的; drama n.戏剧; dramatist 戏剧家
dramatic changes 戏剧性的变化
drawback
n.缺陷 ; perfect 完美的 defect n.过失,缺点
dread
n./v.可怕,害怕; dreadful 害怕的; have a dread of reading 害怕阅读
drought
n.干旱,缺乏; rough 粗糙的; mother tongue 母语
a rough apple/skin/sea/temper/tongue
一个干瘪的苹果/粗糙的皮肤/汹涌的大海/暴脾气/说话粗俗
drown
v.溺水; frown 皱眉头; Repetition is the mother of skills.重复是技能之母.
No pains,no gains. 不劳无获
due
adj.适当的; after due consideration 经过适当的考虑; be due to do 应该
in due course 在适当的时候/机会
The train is due to arrive at 6.火车应该在6点钟到达.
due to sth=owing to do由于; sue vt.起诉,上诉;
dumb
adj.哑巴的; a dumb student 一个迟钝的学生
dump
n.垃圾; vt.倾倒,倾销,抛弃,解雇. I was dumped.我被甩了
duplicate
vt.复制; duplicator 复印机;
complicated复杂的; complex/involved/sophisticated
durable
adj.耐用的,持久的; during ; duration 持续的时间
dwell
vi.居住live/dwell/reside in; resident 居民; president 总统
inhabit vt.居住; dwell on 细思,祥述; well 井
dynamic
adj.1.动力的2.动力学的3.动态的4.精力充沛的,有活力的; static 静态的;
vigor n.精力 ; vigorous 精力充沛的; energetic 精力充沛的
E(09-6中)
earnest
adj.认真的,热心的,诚挚的; an earnest teacher; study/work in earnest
earnings
n.收入
ease
n.1.容易2.舒适 at ease; easy adj.1.容易的2.舒适的comfortable
live in easy circumstances ; Take it easy! ; do sth with great ease
stand at ease ; feel at ease
vt.缓解,减轻＝relieve= alleviate one’s pains/suffering
echo
n.1.回声2.附和者; The cave has a good echo.
He has no opinion of his own; he is just an echo of his wife.
vocal 嗓音的,发声的; advocate 倡导,拥护
eclipse
n.日食,月食; vt.引起日食,月食,超越,使黯然失色
economical
adj.节约的,经济的; frugal/ thrifty
edible
adj.可吃的,可饮用的; inedible 不可吃的; enible oil 食用油
nothing edible 没有可吃的东西
edition
n.版 the original edition第一版; edit vt. to edit a collection of poems
editor n. 编辑; editress n. 女编辑;
editorial adj. 社论的 n.社论; the editorial office 编辑部
effective
adj.有效果的 effect n.效果; an effective drug 有效果的药
efficient 有效率的; valid 有效力的 a valid ticket 有效的门票
an efficient secretary 高效率的秘书; a valid argument 有效的论据
efficient
adj.有效率的 efficiency n.效率; sufficient 足够的
insufficient 不足的; deficient 缺乏的; proficient 擅长的
effort
n.努力,成就 make an effort/endeavor/attempt to do; No pains,no gains.
take pains to do sth 努力做sth; spare no pains to do 不辞辛劳
eject
vt.逐出,驱逐,喷射; n.推断的事务
elaborate
adj.精心制作的,详尽繁杂的; an elaborate dinner 丰盛的晚宴
an elaborate excuse/plot 精心编造的藉口/精心构思情节
complicated/complex/involved/intricate5个复杂; an involved sentence
elapse
vi. (时间)流逝; lapse 1. n. 小错误slight error 2.v.流逝
As time elapses/goes by, those painful memories begin fading away.
a lapse of the tongue/ pen 口误/笔误
elastic
adj.有弹性的,灵活的
elementary
adj.基础的,基本的; element n.元素,成分
elementary knowledge/school 基础知识/小学; primary school
elevate
vt. 1.使高尚; 提高（品质）2.举起; 抬高raise/lift;
elevator/lift 垂直电梯; escalator 扶梯(滚动电梯); scale 级别,规模
escalate 使升级,上涨; escalate the war 使战争升级
raise/elevate/enhance/lift/escalate/heave/hoist vt. ; rise vi.
heave vt.举起→heaven 天堂;moist n./adj.潮湿(的);hoist vt.抬高
eliminate
vt. 1.消除、根除＝get rid of=remove=dispose of
to eliminate one’s political opponents 除掉政敌
2.淘汰to eliminate one’s opponent in the first round
elite
n.精英 the scientific elite 科学精英
eloquent
adj.雄辩的,善辩的,口才好的;an eloquent speaker; fluent adj.流利的
elope vi.私奔
embark
v. 1.(常与for连用)上船,乘船2.(常与on,in连用)开始;从事
We embarked at Liverpool for New York.
embarrass
vt.使尴尬 ; ass n.驴; awkward adj.尴尬的,设计不良的
embed
vt.使插入，使嵌入
embezzle
vt.侵吞，挪用; appropriate vt.=embezzle; adj.= proper适当的，恰当的
property n.财产
embody
vt 体现; embody the spirit of the age 体现时代的精神
embrace
v.拥抱 n.拥抱
emerge
vi.出现 emerge from=arise from; merge 合并; emergence n.浮现,出现
emergent adj.紧急的,突然出现的,新兴的;
emergency n.紧急(常当作adj用)
an emergency airport/brake/room/fund/exit
应急机场/急刹车/急诊室/应急资金/紧急出口
living room= drawing room= sitting room 客厅; guest room 客房
rest room 洗手间; hospitality room 迎宾室; emergency room 急诊室
emigrate
vi.迁出，移出; migrate vi.迁移，迁徙; migrant n.迁移的人、物
immigrate vi.迁入的
eminent
adj.突出的,出类拔萃的 = prominent＝outstanding
emit
vt.放射出,散发出,释放出; permit 允许; admit a.允许进入 b.承认
omit 忽视，忽略; transmit 传播，传递;
emit 放射出,散发出,释放出; submit 屈服于
enclose
vt.1.围起来2.封入 1.enclose the garden with a wall.
2.A cheque for 100 dollors has been enclosed.
encounter
n.偶遇,巧遇 v.遇到 a casual encounter; encounter difficulties/ hardships
encyclopedia
n.百科全书
endanger
v. 危及 endanger sb’s position/reputation
endeavor
n.努力 vi.努力 endeavor to do; make an endeavor/effort/attempt to do
endow
vt. 1.资助,捐助＝contribute sth to sb; 2.天生具有,天生具备
endow a poor student through college资助一名贫困的学生上完大学
be endowed with intelligence as well as beauty (强调前者)
endure
vt. 忍受 endure one’s wife; durable 耐用的durable furniture/shoes
stand/bear/put up with vi.忍受，容忍;
tolerate vt.容忍(强调容)+人的行为; I can’t tolerate your selfishness.
enforce
vt.(与on连用)强迫,强制; 坚持,强调（要求、主张）等;推行,实施（法律等）
The police enforce the law.
engage
v.占据; The line is engaged. 电话占线; to engage in doing 忙于,从事于
to engage some undergraduates 雇佣; to be engaged in doing
to be engaged to sb 订婚; engagement ring 订婚戒指
enhance
vt.提高 enhance sth(抽象); to enhance one’s influence 影响
to enhance one’s appearance容貌; to enhance one’s reputation名声,名誉
enlarge
vt.扩大; a large photo/vocabulary; enlarge a photo/vocabulary
enlighten
vt.使明白,启迪,启蒙; enlightened leaders 开明的领导
The truth came to light later. 事实大白天下
come to a halt 止步; Bring the truth to light. 真相大白
enormous
adj 巨大的; normal 正常的，标准的; gigantic (具体物)巨大的
an enormous sum of money 一笔巨款; enormous expenditure 巨额开支
enroll
v.登记,参加; enroll oneself in sth 报名参加;
enroll oneself in a training program
ensure
v.保证,确保 ensure sth/that
entail
vt.使成为必要; That will entail an early start.; retail 零售; wholesale 批发
enterprise
n.1.进取心; 2.企业; a man of enterprise有进取心的人
entertain
v.1.娱乐entertain sb with tricks; trick a.戏法b.阴谋诡计
2.招待entertain sb to dinner＝treat sb to dinner
enthusiastic
adj 热心的，热情的; enthusiasm n.热情; enthusiast 热心者
entitle
vt 授权 title n. 1.标题2. 头衔
entitle sb to do→sb be entitled to do;
entitle sb to sth→sb be entitled to sth
authorize 授权; author 作者; authority 权力;authorities 当局,政府
authentic adj.真的,真正的,可信的
delegate vt.授权 n.代表representative
environment
n.环境,外界(常用pl.); environmental pollution; surroundings 环境;
circumstances (必须复数)环境,条件,状况; circle 圈
I shall never submit in/under any circumstances
gainings/earnings/surroundings/cleanings;clippings简报;belongings行李
envy
vt. n. 忌妒; I am envious of your success. = I envy your success.
envious adj 忌妒的,羡慕的; enviable adj. 令人羡慕的,引人忌妒的
You are enviable.
an enviable wife一个令人嫉妒的妻子; an envious wife多疑的妻子
contempt n. 鄙视; contemptous contemptible
epidemic
n.流行病,传染病; an influenza epidemic 流感
equal
adj. 等同的equal pay for equal work同工同酬; be equal to
equivalent
n.等同物; an equivalent to sb/sth
equip
v.装备,安装,组装; be equiped with
erase
vt. 擦除 ; eraser 橡皮擦; erase the pencil marks
erect
adj. 竖直的,直立的keep erect / upright; vt.竖直
erect a monument 竖一座纪念碑; correct adj. 正确的
erupt
vt.突然爆发=break out; rupt → break; bankrupt adj. go bankrupt
disrupt 分裂,分离 → break away from; disruptive forces 分裂势力
interrupt 突然打断 =break in;
escape
vi.逃跑; cape 海角the Cape of Good Hope好望角
escape from the cage逃跑; escape doing sth 逃避
escort
n.护送队伍 vt. 护送,护卫; score 二十 dozen 一打
essential
adj. 实质的,本质的; essence n. in essence 本质上
establish
vt.确定,建立; to establish the identity of sb 确定身份; stable adj.稳定的
estate
n.地产,财产,遗产,庄园
esteem
n. vt. 尊敬 尊重; steel 钢铁
estimate
vt. 估计 assess sb’s possession 评估,估算; evaluate 估价
appraise vt.评价,评估
eternal
adj.永恒的; eternal triangle 三角恋;
external adj.外面; internal adj.内部的; interior =inner; exterior = outer
ethnic
adj.种族的,民族的; ethic n.道德标准,行为标准
evacuate
vt. 撤退,疏散,撤离
evade
vt. 逃跑,逃避 invade vt. 侵略
evaluate
vt 评估
evaporate
v.使蒸发,消失
eventually
adv.最终= in the event= at last; event n.事件,结果
Those who play with fire will get burnt in the event
evident
adj.明确的,明显的; evidence n.证据; self-veident 不言自明的
obvious/ apparent/ distinct/ evident; plain n.平原adj 明显的
evoke
vt.唤起,引起,博得
evolve
vi. 演变,发展,进化; evolution n. 演变,发展,进化; -volve 旋转
involve sb 使卷入; revolution n.革命
revolve 1.v.革命; 2.v.旋转revolve around the sun
resolve vt.解决vi.决心.; resolve to do sth决心做sth
resolution n.决心; solve vt.解决 sulution n.
exaggerate
vt. 夸张
exceed
vt.超出; excess n. 过多,过度; an excess of ; xcessive adj.
excel
vi. 在…方面优秀,擅长(无被动); excellent adj. 优秀的
excel at/in= be proficient at/in
exceptional
adj. 1.例外的,特殊的,异常的; 2. 杰出的,出类拔萃的=outstanding
except prep.除…以外; exception n.例外
exceptional athletes/children 残疾运动员/儿童
special adj.特别的(性质) special foods
particular adj. a.具体的particular detais; b.特别的(程度) ;c.挑剔的
a letter of particular inportance; be particular about
excessive
adj.过多的,过分的,额外的
exclusive
adj. 1.排他的,排外的2.孤僻的,孤傲的; 3.专有的,独占的
an exclusive nature孤僻的性格; an exclusive club排他的俱乐部
an exclusive interview/agency 独家采访/独家代理
exclude vt.排除(出去) to exclude the possibility of doing
include vt.包括(进来) inclusive adj.包括的
execute
vt.执行,实施 to execute a plan
executive
n.执行者,管理人员; adj.行政的,管理的,执行的
CEO= chief executive officer
a man of considerable executive ability 一个执行力很强的人
-tive 表人: representative 代表; detective 侦探; captive 俘虏
-tive 抽象名词: motive 动机; incentive 鼓励,刺激
objective 目标,目的; perspective 远景,前途,观点,看法.
exempt
adj.免除的 be exempt from taxes= be free from taxes
exert
vt.施加,运用; to exert pressure/influence on sb
to exert one’s energies to do =to exert oneself to do
= make every endeavor/effort to do = spare no pains to do
= take great pains to do = go to great length to do竭尽全力做sth
exhibit
vt.展示,展出= show= display= demonstrate
exhibit great courage显示出很大的勇气
exhibition n.表现,显示,展览会
inhibit/ prohibit sb from doing抑制/阻止
existence
n. 存在=being 1.human being 2.creature
come into existence/being 逐渐形成
exit
n. 出口 entrance/entry to 入口
expand
v. 膨胀,扩张,扩展 extend 延伸; shrink vi. 缩水,萎缩
expel
vt. 驱逐 -pel= drive; propel vt.驱动,推动; dispel 消除
disappear 消失; repel 排斥,拒绝= reject; impel= compel 迫使,逼迫
expend
v.花费(钱); spend v.花费(钱,时间);
expenditure n.[u]开支 ; expense n.[c]花销,开支(具体一笔)
expertise
n.专业技能,专门知识
expire
vi. 断气,到期 -spir 气; spirit n.精神; inspirit vt. 鼓舞,激励
inspirition n.灵感; perspire v.出汗; respire v.呼吸
conspire v.密谋,阴谋(超纲)
exploit
vt.开采,开发(sth);剥削(sb); n. 业绩,功绩
exploit the natural/resources; exploit the children/child labor
sexploit 性利用,性过度; sexpert 性专家
smog =smoke+fog ; motel =motor+hotel; heliport =helicopter+airport
alcholic 酒鬼 workholic 工作狂
explore
v.探索 explore the universe; expedition n.远足,探险
explosive
adj.爆炸的,灾难性的The situation is explosive.灾难性的; n.炸药;
explode vi. 爆炸= blow up/burst/blast; explosion n.爆炸;
expose
vt. 使暴露 be exposed to sth 接触;
I’ve been exposed to English for more than 10 years.接触英语10多年了
compose 组成; depose sb 罢黜,免职; repose oneself 休息;
propose 建议 ; dispose of rubbish 处理掉
extend
vt. 延伸 an extended family 多代同堂的大家庭; extension n.
the extension of sb’s knowledge; -tion,-sion表面名词,动词意思
extent
n. 范围,程度; the extent of sb’s knowledge 知识面
to some extent=to a certain extent/degree 在某种程度上
on a large scale 大规模的
exterior
adj. 外部的=external; interior 内部的=internal; eternal 永恒的
external
adj.外部的,客观的 n.外部,外面
extinct
adj. 熄灭了的an extinct volcano 死火山; an extinct hope 破灭的希望
extinguish vt.熄灭,消灭,压制 extinguish the fire
distinct adj.1.不同的,有区别的; 2.明显的,明白的,明确的
distinguish vt.区分,区别; distinguish A from B; instinct n.本能,直觉
extract
vt. 拔出extract a tooth; n.节选; tractor n.拖拉机 -tract 拖,拉
abstract vt 提炼 n.摘要 adj.抽象的
extraordinary
adj. 与众不同的,非凡的 extraordinary talents 非凡的才华
extravagant
adj.奢侈的 extravagant/excessive praise 过度的赞扬
extreme
n.极端adj.极端的 extreme penalty/punishment 极刑
go to extremes to do 走极端do sth ; drive sb to extremes. 逼sb走极端
go to great lengths to do 竭尽全力do
F(09-4上)
fabricate
vt.编造,捏造 make up; fabric n.织物,构造物 silk fabric
the fabric of society; fabricate an excuse/a story
facilitate
vt.使容易,使便利
This railroad will facilitate the local economy. 这条铁路促进当地经济
facility
n.设施 facilities fac- = do做; sports facilities ; facilities for study
facile adj.容易的,易做的,易得的 a facile victory 唾手可得的胜利
factory manufacture
faculty
n.1.全体教员(集合);2.学院,系the faculty of law
college/school 学院 department 系
cultivate vt.培养,耕作; culture n.文化
fade
vi.褪色(颜色),凋谢(花),减弱(声音) =fade away; vt.使褪色
fading memories 褪色的回忆; fading flowers 凋零的花
fading voices 远去的声音
faint
adj.微弱的,模糊的,不清楚的; v.眩晕,昏倒
a faint voice/hope微弱的声音/渺茫的希望; grow faint 变得越来越弱
feel faint 眩晕; He fainted from hunger.饿的发晕
fair
adj.1.公平的2.尚佳的,不错的; n.1.集市2.博览会; 1.fair play 公平竞赛
2.in fair condition 不错的情况; 3.fair weather 晴朗的天气;
4.fair complexion 白皙的皮肤; fair hair 金发; 5.a fair lady 美女
None but the brave deserve the fair.英雄配美女
Faint heart never won fair lady. 怯懦的人不能赢得美女
faithful
adj.守信的,忠诚的,可靠的; be faithful/loyal to one’s wife
be faithful to one’s promise 信守承诺; faith n.信任
place/lay/put/have faith/belief/trust/confidence in
fake
vt.伪造adj.伪造的 make 制造; faked signature
fame
n.名声(大小) ; name 名字; famous adj.著名的;
reputation n.名声(好坏),名誉
familiar
adj.熟悉的; family 家人; sb be familiar with sth= sth be familiar to sb
be acquainted with sth 熟悉
famine
n.饥荒
fancy
n.喜欢,喜爱(一时的) have a fancy for…; fans;
vt.fancy doing 想象,设想做sth ; Fancy meeting you here!
fancyman 情夫; fancywoman 情妇; fancyhouse 妓院
fantastic
adj.1.奇妙的wonderful; 2.荒诞的 absurd; 3.奇怪的,怪异的
fantasy n.幻想 sexual fantasy; fantastic weather理想的天气
fantastic dreams 怪梦; fantastic plans 荒诞的计划
fare
n.(车,船,旅)费 I don’t care about the fare.不在乎费用
allowance 零花钱,津贴,补贴; tuition 学费 a tuition fee
revenue 岁入 ; income 收入; payment 支付的款项
pension 养老金,抚恤金; tip 小费; income 收入; fee 具体的费用
fascinate
vt.使着迷,使入迷; fascinated adj.感到着迷的; fascinating adj.令人着迷的
Cats never fail to fascinate human beings.猫总是令人感到着迷.
fashionable
adj.流行的,时髦的
fasten
v.1.固定fix2.系,捆,栓tie; fast adj.固定的; fasten/fix/tie A to B
connect/relate/correlate/affiliate/attach/join/glue A to B
fix/fasten/stick one’s attention/eyes on sth 抽象的事务表示固定,用 on
stick A on B 粘(用on,例外),坚持用to; adhere/stick/cling to 坚持
fatal
adj.致命的 a fatal wound/blow致命伤/致命一击
mortal adj.必死的; immortal 不朽的
mortal enemies/hatred死敌/深仇大恨
vital adj.1.要害的2.极为重要的3.关键的,生死悠关的;
a vital organ 要害器官; It is vital that… …是极为重要的
at a vital moment 关键时刻 ; vitamin 维他命
fatigue
n.疲惫,疲劳 vt.使疲惫,使疲劳
faulty
adj.有过失的,不完美的,有过错的
fault n.1.缺点,过失,过错(sb)2.缺陷,瑕疵(sth)
faculty faulty 全体教师都有过错; find fault with sb 找茬,挑错
He is always finding fault with his wife.
favourable
adj.有利的,同意的; favor vt./n.帮助,支持,赞同
do sb a favor=give sb a hand; favourable conditions/wind 顺境/顺风
unfavourable conditons 逆境
favourite
adj,最喜爱的
feasible
adj.行的通的,可行的=practicable; a feasible suggestion/ scheme
feature
n.1.特写,特别报导2.特点,特色3.五官相貌(人);His features are handsome.
fee
n.具体的费用
feeble
adj.虚弱的,体弱的 a feeble/ faint/ fading voice
feedback
n.反馈
fertile
adj.肥沃的 fertile soil; fertilize vt.使肥沃; fertilizer 肥料
infertile adj.不肥沃的,贫瘠的; barren adj.贫瘠的,性无能
impotent 无能的,阳痿的; potent 有力的,烈性的
fetch
vt.去拿,去请go to take; to fetch a cup of tea/ a doctor
fiction
n.小说(虚构文学); novel 小说; science fiction 科幻小说
fictitious adj.虚构的,杜撰的
fierce
adj.1凶猛的,凶恶的a fierce dog2.激烈的,猛烈的
a fierce competition firece winds
filter
v.过滤,渗透
financial
adj.财政的,金融的,经济的; financial crisis 金融危机
financial hub 金融中心; financial assistance 经济援助
finite
adj.有限的; finite resources有限的资源
infinite adj.无限的; infinite space 无限的太空
definite adj.明确的,清楚的; define vt.1下定义2明确界定
definition n.定义
flash
n.一闪 a flash of lightning; v.闪The train flashed by.; ash 灰烬
rash adj.鲁莽的; crash n./v.猛烈的撞击; lash 打,击;
clash n.冲突; slash v.鞭打,砍; splash 溅,泼,洒; dash 猛冲,猛撞
smash 砸 smash and grab
flatter
vt.恭维,讨好 latter 后面的
flavor
n.口味,味道favor sb’s flavor
flaw
n.缺陷,瑕疵 =fault/defect; perfect adj.完美的
flee
v.逃离,逃跑; The fleet(舰队) is fleeing.
flexible
adj.灵活的,能变通的,可通融的; a flexible schedule 灵活的日程安排
flight
n.1航班2飞翔3逃跑,逃离
flock
n.群(鸟/羊/人) a flock of birds/sheep/visitors ; vi.聚集,群集;
flocks and herds(羊群和牛群); A flock of birds block the road.
Birds of a feather flock together. 物以类聚,人以群分
flourish
vi.茂盛,兴旺; flower; prosper vi.兴旺,发达,成功
His business is flourishing/prospering.
fluctuate
vi.波动; fluctuating prices 波动的物价; fluctuating temperatures 波动的气温
fly飞; flu流感; fluent adj.流利的; flute 笛子
fluid n.流体adj.= flexible多变的;
focus
n.焦点 vt.集中精力/注意力; the focus of attention 关注的焦点
focus one’s attention on…; concentrate 集中 concentrate on…
fold
v.折叠,笼罩,彻底失败
forbid
vt.禁止; Forbidden City紫禁城; bid 命令; abide by遵守
forbid sb to do (例外) ; consist of stick on (例外的)
prevent/prohibit/stop/keep/ban/hinder/preclude sb from doing
forecast
n.预报weather forecast 天气预报; broadcast 广播; cast seeds 播种
The building casts a shadow on the lawn.
forecast sb’s future/ fortune 预测未来/命运; foretell 预言foresee预见
forehead 前额 foreleg 前腿
foremost
adj.最棒的,最优秀的; the foremost writer of his period
first and foremost; last but not least
forfeit
n.罚金 counterfeit 假钞
forgive
v.原谅; To err is human ,to forgive is divine.犯错是人之常情,原谅则超凡入圣.
formula
n.公式; form n.形式; v.形成
formulate vt.1形成,制定; 2.系统阐述,系统解释=define
fortunate
adj.幸运的; unfortunate不幸的
fortune
n.1.财富2.命运; fortune-teller 算命先生
forum
n.论坛
foster
vt.促进(sth);抚养,照顾(sb); faster 更快; foster the sick 照顾病人
foster a child 抚养孩子; foster sb’s career 促进事业
foul
adj.1肮脏的2.可怕的,讨厌的; vt.犯规; soul n.灵魂 a foul soul
a foul city ; a foul weather; foul one’s opponent
fracture
vt.弄碎= break,使骨折; fracture one’s leg
fragile
adj.易碎的(sth);虚弱的(sb); fragile china ; fragile health
fragment
n.碎片; break sth into fragments/pieces;
fraction n.一小部分; a fraction of my friends
fragrant
adj.芳香的; fragrant flowers 芳香的花; fragrant memories 甜美的回忆
flagrant criminals 臭名昭著的罪犯; flagrant politicians 臭名昭著的政客
frame
n.框架 fame 名声
frank
adj.坦白的,坦率的; To be frank=Frankly speaking,s+v
fraud
n.欺诈(行为)[u];骗子[c]; a frank fraud 坦诚的骗子
freeze
vi.结冰;vt.使战栗; breeze n.微风; freezing point 冰点
freezing weather 寒冷的天气; to freeze sb’s blood 使sb战栗
freight
n.货物,运费; vt.装货,运送,使充满
fresh
adj.新鲜的 fresh air;fresh egg; fresh paint 未干的油漆
a boy (fresh from the countryside) 一个刚从乡下来的男孩
flesh 人肉; flash v.闪
fresh→ stale adj.1不新鲜的,干瘪的stale bread; 2.stale news/story
friction
n.摩擦,摩擦力
frighten
vt.使恐惧; fright n.恐惧; frightening 令人恐惧的; frightened 感到恐惧的
terrify vt.使恐怖; terrible adj.可怕的; terror n.可怕,恐怖
terrorist 恐怖分子terrorism 恐怖主义
scare vt.使恐惧(口) Are you scared?
fringe
n.边缘(人群,森林); ring 戒指; on the fringe
on the edge 一切具体事物的边缘; on the brim 杯子,碗的边/沿
on the verge 抽象事物的边; on the verge of the despair绝望的边缘
on the verge of tears 要哭了; on the verge of extinction 濒临灭绝
on the border 边界,边缘; on the outshirts 城市的边缘
on the margin of the road/lake; keep notes in the margin页边空白处
by a narrow margin 侥幸的,勉强的
on the brink 抽象的事物(贬义); on the brink of failure
frown
vi.皱眉头; frown at sb;冲sb皱眉头; frown on 不赞成,反对
brown adj.褐色的;
smile at/ laugh at/ look at/ wave at / point at/ aim at(瞄准)
frugal
adj.节俭的,节省的 ; a frugal wife/housekeeper; be frugal of money
thrifty adj. be thrifty with money
economic adj.经济的; economy n.经济; economical adj.节俭的
economically adv.经济的,节约的; economist n.经济学家
fulfill
vt.完成,履行; full adj.满的; fill vt.装满,填满
to fulfill one’s promise履行承诺; to fulfill one’s duties 履行义务/责任
fulfill a task 完成任务; sense of fulfilment 满足感
function
n.职责(sb.)作用(sth.); vi.起作用 function as
BJ functions as the capital city of China.
fund
n.资金; raise funds 募集资金; trust funds 信托基金
refund vt.退款; refund sb his deposit 退还sb的定金
fundamental
adj.基本的,根本的,基础的; mental adj.精神的,智力的
furious
adj.愤怒的,狂怒的; fury n.暴怒,狂怒; the Furies 复仇女神
What a little fury she is! 小泼妇; fly into a rage/fury 勃然大怒
be furious with sb(at sth); be angry/satisfied with sb(at sth)
furnish
vt.装备…供应…; furniture n.家具
fuss
n.大惊小怪,小题大做; make so much fuss of
Don’t make so much fuss of trifles. 不要对小事大惊小怪
futile
adj.无用的,无效的,徒劳的; a futile effort 徒劳的努力; tile n.瓷砖,瓦片
a futile attempt 无效的尝试
G(09-5-中)
gain
n. vt.获得(需要之物);增加; gain/lose one’s weight
A fall in the pit ,a gain in your wit. 吃一堑,长一智
gamble
n.赌博 take a gamble/risk(冒险)
gang
n.(一)伙,(一)群
gap
n.差距; bridge the generation gap 消除代沟
gay
n.男同性恋
gaze
vi.注视 to gaze at one’s girlfriend
generalize
vt.1.总结出,归纳出,概括出; 2.普及,推广(两个意思恰恰相反)
general n.将军adj.总的,一般的,普遍的
to generalize a conclusion from a collection of instances
从一系列事例中总结出一个结论
to generalize the use of a new invention
如:virtual adj.1虚拟的2实际的; virtual games/violence虚拟游戏/暴力
the virtual head of the country实际首脑
generate
vt.产生; to generate electricity; gene n.基因; generator n.发电机
generous
adj.慷慨的,大方的; frugal/ thrifty/ economical 节俭的
genetic
adj.基因的
genius
n.天才talent gift 天赋; have a genius for English/teaching
gentle
adj.(sb)文雅的,和蔼的,亲切的; (sth)柔和的; gentleman n.绅士
a gentle slope 平缓的斜坡; a gentle look 和蔼的表情;
a gentle breeze 柔风
genuine
adj.(sth)真正的,(人)真诚的; genuine leather 真皮;
artificial leather 人造革; a genuine man/person 真诚的人
giant
adj.巨大的 n.巨人
gigantic
adj.巨大的; Titanic is gigantic. Titan 泰坦(希腊神话中的巨人)
glamour
n.魔力,魅力 vt.迷惑
glance
n.一瞥; vi.瞥了一眼; cast a glance at sb; glance at sb; glance around
glare
vi.怒目而视; glare at; peer at 凝视; peep at 偷窥; stare at 瞪着眼睛看
gape at 流着口水看 ape 猿猴
glimpse
n.一瞥 catch a glimpse of sb
glitter
vi.闪闪发光,闪烁 n.闪光
global
adj.全球的 ; the Global Times 环球时报; global warming 全球变暖
globe n.球体,地球; sphere n.球体,地球
globalize vt.使全球化; globalization n.全球化
gloomy
adj.(sth)阴郁的;(sb)郁闷的; gloom n.(sth)(天气)阴郁;(sb)郁闷,惆怅
gloomy skies 阴郁的天空; gloomy future 黯淡的前途/前途
gloomy mood 抑郁的/惆怅的心情; loom n.织布机; groom n.新郎
glorious
adj.辉煌的,光荣的; a glorious victory; glory n.荣誉,辉煌
win glory for…为…争光/赢得荣誉
glue
n.胶水 vt. 粘glue A to B
gossip
n.闲话,流言蜚语; sip 呷(小口喝); to spread gossip; an old gossip老长舌妇
govern
vt.1统治,管理 to govern a country; to govern a company
2.支配,约束,影响(重要); government n.政府
to be governed by the opinions of others受别人观点的影响
grab
v.抢夺; smash and grab; selfishly/eagerly/roughly grab
The dog grabbed the bone and ran away with it.
graceful
adj.优雅的gentle/graceful manners; grace n.优雅; race 竞赛
graceless adj.不优雅的; disgraceful adj.可耻的,耻辱的
grant
vt.授予,给予= confer; give/grant/award/accord sb sth; confer sth on sb.
confer knighthood on a few distinguished(卓越的,出类拔萃) citizens
grasp
vt.抓住 to grasp grass
grateful
adj.感激的 rate 速度,速率; ungrateful adj.忘恩负义的
gratitude
n.感激 ; ingratitude n.忘恩负义; to be grateful to sb for sth
grave
n.坟墓=tomb; adj.严重的,重大的very serious; grave situation;grave news
aggravate vt.加剧,加重; aggravate one’s illness; aggravate the situation
greedy
adj.贪婪的,渴望的; be greedy for knowledge; Lust Caution 色戒
glutton n.贪吃 lust n.贪色 avarice n.贪财 sloth n.贪睡
grieve
v.伤心,悲伤 grief n. 伤心,悲伤; relieve relief 舒适,缓解
grim
adj.严峻的,严酷的,险恶的 ; rim = brim (碗,杯子的)边,沿
grip
vt.紧紧的抓住; grasp 抓; a gripping film 扣人心弦的影片
grope
vi.摸索; grope for; rope 绳子; grope for the light switch
look for 四处找; wait for 等待(找); feel for 摸索; listen for 听着找
gross
adj.1毛的,总的2.显而易见的(贬义),obvious
GDP:gross domestic(国内的) product; GNP:gross national product
gross weight; gross income 总收入;net weight 净重;net income 净收入
gross inequality/injustice/error 明显的不平等/不公/错误
guarantee
vt.保证; assure sb of/that 向sb保证…; ensure sth/that 保证sth
insure …against… 给…投保;
guarantee sb’s honesty/debts(债务) 担保= warrant sb’s honesty/debts
guilty
adj.有罪的,愧疚的;guilt n.[u]罪行,愧疚(抽象);sense of guilt罪恶感,愧疚感;
crime n[c]commit a crime犯罪
sin [u](宗教的)罪行; original sin 原罪
offend v.犯罪,冒犯,违纪,违章,违法offence [c]违法行为,罪行,违纪,违章
fence 篱笆(引申为规则,法规)
H(09-5-下)
habitat
n.栖息地,生存环境; co-habit 同居; inhabit vi.生活= live
inhabitant n.居民
haggle
v.讨价还价,正论不休; haggle with sb over sth; bargain with sb over sth
hail
n.冰雹,致敬vt.向…致敬
halt
n.止步,停止; come to a halt 止步(停下来);The car come to a stop.
come to a pouse 暂停; come to fame 成名;
come to a conclusion 得出结论; come to a decision 做出决定
jump to a conclusion 匆忙下决定; The driver brings the car to a halt.
bring sth to a halt/stop 使停下来
hamper
vt.阻碍,阻止; prohibit/inhibit/hamper/prevent/hinder sb from doing
forbid sb to do
handicap
n.残疾; handicapped children adj.有残疾的
physically handicapped 身体有残疾的
visually handicapped 视力有残疾的
physical exam/education 体检,体育
handle
vt.处理; tackle deal with cope with
hardship
n.[c]困难 difficulty
harmony
n.和谐,一致; honey 甜蜜,亲爱的; social harmony 社会的和谐
be in harmony with sb/sth 一致; be in agreement with sb 一致
harmonious society 和谐社会
harness
n.马具,系在身上的绳子; be in harness 正在工作; die in harness 殉职
vt.利用,驾驭,治理to harness a horse 驾驭;
to harness a river 治理; to harness solar energy 利用太阳能
harsh
adj.严酷的 severe; a harsh winter 严冬; a harsh summer 酷暑
haul
v.拖,拉
haste
n.匆忙; do sth in haste
hasty adj. a hasty decision 匆忙的决定; a hasty departure 匆忙离去
hasten vi. hasten home匆忙回家; hasten to the office
More haste,less speed.=Haste makes waste; 欲速则不达
make haste 赶快 We’d better make haste.;
hazard
n.=risk/danger 风险; at the hazard/risk of 冒着…风险
at the price of=at the expense/cost of 以…为代价
at the speed of; at the height/depht of; at the level of
at all hazards/risks 不惜一切代价,不顾任何风险
headquarters
v. 以...作总部, 设总公司于...
heal
v.治愈 health; heal the wound
heap
n.一堆 a heap of books; heaps of snow/money 大量的=lots of
heap/pile/stack 堆 ; hip 臀部 hip-hop
heighten
vt. 提高; heighten sb’s position 提升sb的职位;
heighten sb’s anger 加剧sb的愤怒
heir
n.继承人
hemisphere
n.半球 sphere= globe球体; global adj.全球的,环球的
heritage
n.遗产 ; heir 继承人; inheirt vt.继承 ; cultural/ national heritage
hesitate
v.犹豫不决 ; hover a.盘旋,翱翔 b.徘徊,犹豫
highlight
n.最精彩的部分the highlight of the match/the tour; vt.特别关注,特别强调
highlight the importance of customer service 特别强调客服的重要性
hijack
vt.劫持,抢劫; Jack 被打劫的对象; peeping Tom 偷窥狂
kidnap 绑架 ; kid 孩子; nap 小睡,打盹
hinder
v.阻止,妨碍 hind adj.后面的 behind
hint
n.[c]暗示; drop a hint to sb= give sb a hint给sb一个暗示;
take a hint 理解了/领会了暗示; clue 线索 a clue to …的线索
not have a clue 毫无头绪,一无所知
hobby
n.[c]业余爱好; Collecting coins is one of my hobbies
hollow
adj.空的,中空的,空心的; a hollow sphere/pipe(管) (中空的)
a hollow promise/victory 空洞的承诺/徒有虚名的胜利
empty an empty room (没东西的)
vacant a vacant seat/room/lot(场地); not be occupied
bare bare footed/headed/fisted 光脚的/没戴帽子的/赤手空拳的(裸露的)
blank a blank form (空白的); a blank piece of paper一张空白的纸
a white piece of paper一张白纸; give sb a blank cheque 给sb以全权
give sb a blank look 茫然的看了sb一眼
horizon
n.地平线,→眼界; There appears a ship on the horizon.
broaden one’s horizon 开阔眼界
hospitality
n.殷勤,好客; hospital n.医院; a hospitality room 迎宾室
host
n.1主人; 2.主持人 vt.主办,主持; guest 客人; master 主人; servant仆人
to act as host 担任东道主; the host nation 主办国
to host the Games 主办运动会; to be host to sb 款待/招待sb
hostage
n.人质; to take sb hostage 抓住sb做人质; to hold sb hostage扣留sb做人质
hostile
adj.敌对的,有敌意的,反对的 ; be hostile to/towards sb
hover
v.1盘旋,翱翔 2.徘徊,犹豫不决
humble
adj.卑贱的; noble 高贵的; a man of humble origin 卑微的
a humble occupation 卑贱的职业; a humble meal 粗劣的食物
a humble home/ abode 寒舍; in my humble opinion 拙见
humble apologies 低三下四的道歉
humid
adj.潮湿的 wet/moist
humiliate
vt.使遭受屈辱; a rather humiliating experience 一段相当屈辱的经历
a county humiliated by defeat 因战败而备受屈辱的国家
feel humiliated 感到屈辱的
hyperinflation
n.恶性通货膨胀
hypermarket
n.大型超市
hypothesis
n.假设; thesis 论文; hypo-虚假的; to raise a hypothesis
hypocritical adj.虚伪的; hypocrisy n.虚伪; hypocrite n.伪君子
I (09-8-上)
ideal
n.理想 adj.理想的; idea 想法; to attain/ achieve/ accomplish one’s ideal
identical
adj.完全一致的,完全相同的 indentical fingerprints
identify
v.辨认出,识别出; identify oneself with sb 认同,支持
identification n.辨认,识别;身份证-ID; -tion 表面是名词,实际动词内核
identity
n.身份 identity card
idle
adj.懒散的,闲荡的 vt.虚度; Don’t idle away your time.
ignite
v.点火,点燃
ignorant
adj.无知的; be ignorant of 对…一无所知; ignore vt. (故意的)冷落,忽视
illegal
adj.违法的,不合规定的; legal adj.法律的,法定的,合法的
the legal community 法律界; community 社区,社会;共同体,…界
legal liability 法律责任; be liable for 负责任的
legal business operations合法的商业运作; a legal heir 合法的继承人
illicit
adj.违法的,违禁的
illiterate
adj.不识字的,文盲的,目不识丁的 n.文盲;
literate adj.识字的,有文化的; literature n.文学
illuminate
vt.1.照亮; a poorly illuminated room一个昏暗的房间; 2.阐明,阐述
to illuminate one’s theory with 2 examples
illusion
n.幻觉 have no illusions about….; be under the illusion that s’+v’
be under the impression that s’+v’
illustrate
vt.1.说明,阐述(例/图)2.配插图; a well-illustrated book
image
n.形象;图像; one’s publish image; to improve/damage one’s image
the image of this TV set; imagine vt.想象,设想
imitation
n.模仿; imitate vt.模仿; limitation 限制
immense
adj.巨大的,浩瀚的; an immense sea/ocean; titanic/ gigantic/ enormous
immigrant
n.迁入的人; migrate 迁移; migrating birds
immigrate→immigrant; emigrate→emigrant
impair
vt.损害 impair one’s health ; repair 修理,修复 ; a pair of
immune
adj.具有免疫力的 -mun-公共的; community; be immune from/to
be exempt from be free from; an immune system 免疫系统
impact
n.冲击力→影响力; to hit the tree with a strong impact
have an effect/influence/impact on sb
impart
vt.给予,传授,告知; She imparted the secret to her boyfriend.
impatient
adj.没有耐心的; patient n.病人 adj.有耐心的
be impatient with sb/ of doing;be impatient for sth/(to do sth)急不可耐的
implement
n.工具 vt.实现,完成; stone implements; bronze implements 青铜工具
complete vt.完成adj.全部的; compliment 恭维,赞美
comply with 遵守; complement vt.补充,补足=supplement
implicit
adj.暗示的,含蓄的; imply 内涵,暗示; reply 回答
an implicit warning 含蓄的警告; explicit adj.明确的,明白表示的
imply
vt.意味,暗示;包含,必须具备
impose
v.强加于; expose…to…; Don’t impose your ideas on sb else.
impress
vt. 1.压,按; impress a diamond against/in/on the glass
2.给sb留下印象 to impress one’s prospective employer
My teacher impressed upon/on me the importance of studying grammar.
强调:动宾分裂 ; impression 1.压痕2.印象
impressive
adj.令人印象深刻的; one’s impressive childhood
imprison
vt.监禁,囚禁; imprisonment n.关押 ;
the sentence sb to life/one year’s imprisonment
impulse
n.冲动; pulse n.脉搏,脉冲; impulsive adj.冲动的
an impulsive/exclusive nature 冲动/孤僻的性格; to act on impulse
inaccessible
adj.达不到的
inadequate
adj.不充分的,不适当的
incentive
n.动机,刺激,奖励adj.刺激作用的
incident
n.生活中的小事,琐事;有重大影响的事件(蓄意的); adj.附带的,易于发生的
frontier in incidents边界小冲突; a historical incident 历史事件
accident n.事故(偶然); by accident 偶然的
coincident adj.同时发生的,碰巧的
incidentally
adv.附带的,顺便提及
incline
v./n.倾向,倾斜; -cline 倾斜; decline n.下降,减弱
economic decline 经济下滑; economic recession 经济衰退
economic depression 经济萧条; economic prosperity 经济繁荣
be inclined to do 倾向于do…; I’m inclined to hold that…
incorporate
vt./vi.合并,并入
incredible
adj.令人难以置信的; credit n.信誉,信用; credit card
buy/sell on credit 赊购/销;
be credulous of 感到相信的; incredulous 不轻易相信
credit →credible 可信的→credulous感到可信的→incridible令人难以相信的→incredulous不轻易相信的
increment
n.增加,增量
incur
vt.招致,引起; occur 发生=happen;存在=exist; recur 再次发生;
concur 一起发生
This pronunciation does not occur in our language.这个发音不存在.
It occurred to sb that s’+v’ sb突然记起/想起
to incur sb’s complaint/ resentment 招致sb的抱怨/怨恨
indebted
adj.负债的;感激的; be indebted to sb for 因为…感激sb
inhabit v.居住 inhibit vt.抑制; indebted adj.感激的
indicate
v.暗示,表明; -dic 说; diction n.措词; dictionary 词典 dictation听写
predict vt.预言; contradict vt.反驳 –contra 相反的
imply .v.暗示 hint n./v.暗示
indifferent
adj.冷漠的 be indifferent to
indignant
adj.义愤的,愤怒的; indignation n.义愤
indispensable
adj.必不可少的; dispose of sth 处理; a good dictionary is indispensable
induce
vt.引诱;促使,劝使;引起induce a fire; -duce 引导,疏导 -duct 管道
produce vt.生产; product 产品; production n.生产
induce sb to do 促使,劝使;
seduce 勾引,吸引 to seduce one’s secretary
Men are seduced by her wit and beauty.才貌双全,倾倒众生
deduce 推理,演绎The detective deduced from the clues who did the murder.
indulge
vt.纵容,放纵; to indulge oneself in watching TV 沉溺于
to indulge one’s child 溺爱
industrious
adj.勤奋的hardworking/diligent; industry 工业;勤奋
to praise sb’s industry; an industrious student
hardworking/diligent/industrious 勤奋的
inevitable
adj.不可避免的 ; evade vt.逃避; It is inevitable that…
infant
n.婴儿,幼儿;adj.婴儿的,幼稚的
infect
v. 感染 infectious adj.感染的; an infected wound 感染的伤口
perfect adj.完美的; defect n.缺陷,缺点=flaw; infect v.感染
inject v注射 ; reject vt.拒绝,抵制
infer
v.推理,推断= deduce; inference n.推论,推断;推断的结果,结论
confer 1.vt.授予 confer sth on sb; accord/grant/award sb sth;
2.vi.商讨; confer with sb; conference 会议
refer vi.参阅,参考;指refer to…; refer to a dictionary;
vt.提交,涉及refer…to…; I did not refer to you.指的不是你
defer vt.拖延,延期,耽搁; detain vt.耽搁,阻止;
deferred payment分期付款
inferior
adj.(数量,质量)劣于;(级别)低于; be superior to 高于,优于
be anterior=prior to在..前面; be posterior to在…后面
senior 高级的; junior 初级的;
sense of inferiority 自卑感; sense of superiority 优越感
infinite
adj.无限的; finite adj.有限的; Human knowledge is finite
infinite space/kindness;
definite adj.明确的; define v.定义; definition n.定义
ingredient
n.成分,因素
inhabit
vt. 居住(通常用被动)= live in; inhabitant 居民(没户籍的)
This island is inhabited by savages.这个岛住着野人
dwell in 居住; dweller 居民; town dwellers; cave dwellers
reside in 生活,居住 resident (有户籍的)
inhale
v.吸入,吸气; exhale 呼气 ; respire vi.呼吸
inherit
vt.继承 inherit an estate; prohibit/inhibit/ sb from doing
exhibit 陈列,展出; inhabit 居住
initial
adj.起始的,开始的=beginning; the initial letter of the word; the initial stage
initiate vt.创始,开始,开创; to initiate an undertaking开创事业
initiative
n.积极性,主动性,主动权; to do sth on initiative/impulse主动/冲动做sth
to lose initiative to sb 丧失主动权
inject
vt.注射 infect 感染
injure
v.损害,伤害(偶然); wound (战争)伤害; be badly/slight injure/wounded
innocent
adj.无辜的,纯净的,纯洁的; an innocent victim无辜的受害者
innocent water纯净水;
as innocent as new-born baby像新生儿一样纯洁
innovation
n.改良,改革technical innovations;
innovate vi.改良,改革,改进; innorator n.改革家
innumerable
adj.无数的,不可计数的; innumerable stars
numerous 众多的=innumerable ; numerable 可数的
inquire
v.询问;调查; require vt.要求,需要
inquire/look/investigate into sth; inspect vt.调查
inscription
n.题字,碑文 -scrip 写,画; inscribe v.刻写,铭刻; describe v.描写,描述
script n.脚本; manuscript 手写稿; manual adj.手工的
manacles 手铐; spectacles 眼镜; transcribe 抄写
to inscribe sb’s name on the monument
What my mother told me has been inscribed on my mind.
insert
vt.插入
insight
n.洞察力; one’s insight into sth
insist
vi.(内心)主张,认为; -sist =stand; insist on;
consist of vi.组成(只有主动); consistent 一致的,一惯的
The committee(整体) consists of 8 members(部分).of后面永远是部分
assist 帮助 assistant 助手
persist in doing 坚持(继续); I persist, therefore I am.
resist 抵制 resist the temptation
inspect
vt.检查,视查,调查; inspect the passengers’ tickets
inspiration
n.灵感 inspire 鼓励,激励
install
vt.安装;使就职; stall 摊位 a newspaper stall
install a lighting/heating system; install sb in office
instant
adj.即刻的,马上的; demand an instant reply;
instant noodles/coffee方便面/速溶咖啡
instinct
n.本能,直觉; Birds can fly by instinct.; by instinct 靠本能
extinct adj. 熄灭的,耗尽的; estinguish vt.熄灭
distinct adj.不同的,清楚的,明显的; distinguish vt.辨别,辨认,区分,区别
on impulse/initiative冲动/主动
institute
v.制定(establish)n.学院,研究机构; institute a rule; constitute 组成
institution
n.1制定2.习俗,制度3.(公共)机构; a meatel institution 精神病院
institutions of higher learning 高等教育机构
Marriage is a sacred institution 婚姻是一个神圣的制度
the institution of a rule 规则的制定
constitute 组成; constitution n.1.宪法2.体质
instruct
vt.指导,指示; instruct sb to do 指导,指示; construct vt.建设,建造
structure n.结构; destruction n.破坏; obstruction n.障碍物;
inform sb of sth 通知,告诉
instrument
n.仪器(科学/精密),乐器; delicate instruments; musical instruments
tool 工具; appliance 电器; utensil (家庭)器皿;
apparatus (成套)器具/设备;器官
insulate
vt.绝缘,隔离; insulating tape 绝缘胶带;
insular adj.岛屿的; peninsular 半岛的
insult
vt.n.侮辱; result n.结果; consult sb 咨询; consultant 顾问
insure
vt.投保; insurance company 保险公司; insure sth against
assure vt. assure sb of sth/that s’+v’(永远接人)
ensure vt.使…肯定 ensure/guarantee/warant sth/that s’+v’
integrate
vt.合并,使成为一体; to integrate theory with practice 理论联系实践
to integrate oneself into the white community 融入到白人社会
integrity
n.完整(sth);正直(人); a man of integrity 正直的人
to preserve the nation’s territorial integrity 保持国家领土的完整
territorial adj.领土的; terror n.恐怖; terrorist 恐怖分子
intelligent
adj.聪明的; intelligence n.智力;
intellectual n.知识分子; adj.知识分子的,智力的
intend
vi.打算 intend to do ; intention n.打算; intentional adj. 故意的
intensive adj.深入的,集中的; a labor-intensive industry劳动密集型产业
intense
adj.强烈的intense love/hatred; tense adj.紧张的; intensity n.强度
intensify vt.加强reinforce/strengthen
interact
vi.相互作用,相互影响(sth);交往(sb); interact with sth/sb
mix/ associate/ mingle with sb 和sb交往; inter- 1.介入2.相互
intercourse
n.交际,交往;性交
interfere
vi. (蒋说09可能考); interfere in 干涉,干预; interfere with 妨碍
Don’t interfere in my business.; The noise outside interfered with my study.
intervene in vi.干涉,干预(积极的)
interior
adj.内部的; the interior decoration of a house; interior towns 内陆城镇
interior trade; internal-external= inner-outer= interior-exterior
interpret
v.1口译(x)2.诠释,解读,解释; to interpret a poem; translate
interrupt
vt.打断=break in; to interrupt sb’s talk; go bankrupt 破产
erupt= break out 突然爆发; disrupt =break away from 分裂
interval
n.间断,间隔at intervals 间断的; at long intervals 偶尔的
at short intervals 频繁的; at regular intervals 定期的,规律的
intervene
vi.干涉,干预(积极的)
interview
n.采访;面试
intimate
adj.熟悉的,私下的; -mate伙伴; classmate/schoolmate/deskmate
an intimate/close friend 密友
intricate
adj.复杂的; an intricate intrigue; complicated/complex/intricate
involved 复杂的,卷入; an involved sentence
elaborate 精心制作的,复杂的
sophisticated 事故的,老练的(sb);尖端的,先进的,复杂的(sth)
soph-智慧; philosopher 哲学家(爱智慧的人); sophist 诡辩家
freshman大一学生; sophomore 大二学生;
junior 大三学生 ; senior 大四学生
intrigue
n.阴谋诡计
intuition
n.直觉; tuition n.学费; instinct 本能; by intuition/instinct
invasion
n.侵入,侵略; invade v.侵入,侵略; evade v.逃避,逃跑;evacuate v.撤离
invert
vt.颠倒,倒置 ; verse 旋转; to invert one’s glass
divert 转移(注意力) ; divert one’s attention from; di-两个(n.);分开(v.)
dialogue n.对话; dilemma n.两难之间;
dioxide 二氧化物; oxygen n.氧气; differ from 和…有分歧
diffuse vt.散布,传播; diffuse learning -fuse 导;
revert vt.倒退 to revert one’s car; convert vt.转换 convert A into B
invest
vt.1投资invest in; 2.授予invest sb with; vest 马甲
investigate
v.调查 investigate into sth; inquire into = look into 调查;
inspect vt.视差,检查
inverse
adj.颠倒的,反面的; invert vt.倒置; inverse ratio 反比
involve
vt.1卷入(x)2.涉及,包括,使必要3.an involved sentence 复杂句
To accept this job will involve working at the weekend.
revolve around vi.旋转; The sun revolves around the earth.
revolution n.革命; evolve vi.发展,进化,演变; evolution n.
irrigate
vt.灌溉
irritate
vt.激怒; rite 礼仪; annoy 激怒
isolate
vt.孤立,使隔绝,隔离; feel isolated from one’s fellows; insulate 绝缘
issue
n.问题(disscuss)(x);v./n.出版,发行 the issue of a magazine 出版,发行
question-answer; problem-solve
the latest issue of the magazine 最新版本
item
n.1项目,条款the first item on the agenda
2.(新闻)一条,一则news items 新闻
J(09-9-下)
jam
n.1拥堵,堵塞a traffic jam; 2果酱
jealous
adj.忌妒的= envious ; envy 忌妒; be jealous/envious of
an envious/jealous wife爱吃醋的
judicial
adj.法庭的,法律的; legel adj.法律的,合法的; legitimate adj.合法的
legislate 立法; jury 陪审团; judge 法官;
just 正当的,公正的; justice 公正,正义,法律,法官; justify 证明
junior
adj.1幼于(年龄)2低于(级别); be junior to; senior; freshman ; sophomore
junk
n.废品,无用的事物; a piece of junk;
junk dealer 废品回收商; a junk shop 旧货店
jury
n.陪审团
justice
n.1. 公平;合理;公正2. 公道;正确 3. 法律制裁;审判
justify
vt. 提出正当理由,证明…有道理；作为正当的理由
juvenile
n.青少年adj.青少年的; a juvenile court; a juvenile book 少年读物
a juvenile delinquent 少年犯; teens 13-19; be in one’s teens 十几岁
teenager 十几岁的人; adolescence 青春期; youth 年轻时代
childhood 童年 infancy 幼儿期
K
keen
adj.1热心的,热切的,很感兴趣的; be keen on be interested in
2.锋利的 sharp; a keen knife; a keen wind 刺骨的/凛冽的风
a keen criticism 尖锐的批评
kickback
n.回扣,佣金
kidnap
v.绑架; kid n.小孩v.欺骗 nap n.小睡
Are you kidding? 你在开玩笑嘛? No,I’m serious.我是认真的
knit
vt.1编织2.皱; knit a pair of stockings; knit one’s brows
L
lack
v.缺乏 lack (in)/(for) courage; lack experience
slack adj.松的; slack trousers 宽松的裤子;slack muscle 松弛的肌肉
slack discipline 松散的纪律; slack market 疲软的市场
lack business/season 萧条的生意/淡季
lag
vi.走的慢,落后 lag behind 落在后面; leave sb behind 把sb落在后面
leg 腿
lame
adj.瘸了的; blame v.责备; lamb n.羊羔; limp v.瘸着腿走路
limb n.肢体; lamp n.灯
lapse
n.小错误=slip; slight error ; a lapse of the tongue/pen 口误/笔误
elapse vi.go by 时间的流逝; Ten years have elapsed.
collapse 1.fall down塌陷,坍塌; 2.break down 崩溃
lash
n./v.鞭打
lately
adv.近来=recently; later adj后来; adv.稍后,随后
latter adj.后者-former 前者; the latter, the former
latent
adj.隐藏的,潜伏的; latent/potential energies 潜能
lateral
adj.侧面的of/from/to one side; a lateral move 平级调动
bilateral/trilateral/multilateral 双边/三边/多边
latitude
n.纬度; longitude 经度; altitude 高度; attitude to 态度
aptitude 资质(天生的) apt-
launch
vt.start 启动; to launch a ship; to launch an attack 发动进攻
to launch an artificial satellite发射一颗人造卫星
to launch a new product 推出新产品
to launch a new business 建立新企业
lay
放置,下蛋,产卵lay-laid-laid; put/lay/place confidence/trust/faith/belief in
lie-lied-lied 撒谎; lie-lay-lain 躺
league
n.同盟,联盟,,盟约, 联合会, 社团; v.组联盟, (使)加盟
leak
n.泄漏,漏洞 vt.泄漏; a leak in the roof/gas-pipe; a leak of information
Don’t leak the news to the press. 不要把消息泄漏给新闻界
lean
adj.1.瘦的lean meat 瘦肉; a lean harvest 歉收; lean years 灾年;
vi.2.倾斜;3.倚靠; the Leaning-Tower of Pisa; lean on/against the wall ;
learn 学习
leap
vi.跳(正式); jump(非正式); Look before you leap.三思而后行
hop 单足跳; grass-hopper 蚂蚱; plunge 仓促/匆忙的跳(超纲)
dive 跳水; skip 欢快的跳,跳读; bound 连跑带跳; bounce 弹跳,反弹
lease
n.租约; The lease has expired.租约到期了; release vt.释放
legacy
n.遗产 inherit a legacy; estate 庄园/房地产/遗产; inherit an estate
legal
adj.法律的,合法的,法定的a legal adviser/consultant 法律顾问
legal aid 法律援助; a legal heir 法定继承人
legal business operations 合法的商业操作
legend
n.传奇(故事); fiction 虚构(文学)
legislation
n.立法; legislate v.立法; legislate against gambling
legitimate
adj.合法的; a legitimate child ; a illegitimate child 私生子
leisure
n.休闲at (one’s) leisure 在业余时间=in one’s spare time
at peace/war/leisure ; a puma at large 逃遁的美洲狮
lessen
vt.减少; lesson 课程; to lessen sb’s influence
liable
adj.易于…的,有…的倾向,常与to连用; I am liable to colds.
be liable to sth 容易遭受= be subject to sth
be liable to do sth 有做sth的趋势 = be apt/likely/inclined to do
It is liable to rain.
be liable for sth 对…负责 = be responsible for sth
负有责任的,负责的,常与for连用;legal liabilities 法律责任
reliable adj.可依赖的,可靠的; rely vi.倚靠 rely on
relief n.缓和,减轻; relieve v.缓和,减轻
liberal
adj.1.自由的the Liberal Party; 2.慷慨的,大方的be liberal of money
3.大度的 liberal minded心胸宽广的; narrow minded心胸狭隘的
4.the liberal Arts 文科 ; liberate vt.解放 liberty n.自由
license
n.执照,许可证 vt.许可,批准; a driving license驾照
likely
adj.中度的可能(写作随便用); possible 最小的可能;probable最大的可能
the most likely candidate for the Presidency 最可能的总统候选人
be likely to do; It is likely that s’+v’
adv.很有可能,非常有可能 Most/Very likely,s+v
likewise
adv.相似的方式; Watch him and do likewise
like vt.喜欢 prep.像adj.相似的=similar
Like father,like son. ; as like as 2 peas 酷似
wise 1. 通过…方式in the manner of ; clockwise,counter-clockwise
2.方面 housing wise problems; education wise problems
otherwise 1.否则(不会考) 2.adv.在其它方面,除此之外
those otherwise confusing questions除上述之外的其它那些令人迷惑的问题
linger
vi.徘徊,逗留linger on; a lingering illness 慢性病; longer 更久
a lingering look 恋恋不舍的表情; The custom lingers on.历久尤存的
a few lingering doubts 萦绕的疑问
link
n.环节a link between the future and the past; vt.使有关系,使关联;
be linked to/with sth; be related to sth
live /laiv/
adj.a live broadcast现场直播; adv.be broadcast live现场直播
lively /’laivli/
adj.生动的,活泼的vivid
load
n.负担=burden; a heavy load on one’s shouders; vt.装载
load sth on the lorry; unload sth from the lorry
load the camera with the film装胶卷; load the gun with bullets装子弹
lobby
v.游说 to lobby against 反对; to lobby for 支持;
n.大厅,长廊,国会民众接待厅
locate
vt.使坐落于; situate vt.使座落于; site 场地
be situated in=be located in; local 地方的,当地的
lodge
vi.借宿,投宿; to lodge at one of my friend’s home
lofty
adj.高的,崇高的,高傲的
longitude
n.经度; latitude 纬度; altitude 高度; attitude 态度;
aptitude 资质,才能,天资
loss
n.1.丢失,失去a heavy loss; a loss of blood; lose v.丢失
2.损失;to mourn(哀悼) the loss of sb; the loss of the Titanic
be at a loss to do/for sth迷茫,困惑
loyalty
n.忠诚,忠心; loyal adj.忠诚的be loyal to royal; faithful
royal adj.皇家的; n.皇室成员
luxurious
adj.奢侈的; luxury n.奢侈,华贵adj.豪华的,奢华的
live in luxury 生活奢华; a luxury hotel
M(09-10-中)
macroscopic
adj宏观的; macro - micro ; macroeconomics
magic
n.1.魔术[u]; use magic to produce a rabbit; trick 戏法
2.魔力,魅力,吸引力 the magic of pop songs
adj.有魔力的,神奇的; magic carpet 魔毯; magic weapons 法宝
magic Johnson魔术师约翰逊
magnetic
adj.有吸引力的; magnet n.磁铁; a magnetic voice/film
magnificent
adj.华丽的,高尚的,宏伟的; great wonderful; terrific 极好的,惊人的
fantastic 奇异的,古怪的,极好的; incredible 难以置信的
magnify
vt.扩大,放大,夸大; a magnified photo 放大的照片; magnifier 放大镜
enlarge 可以用large形容的,就可以用; exaggerate vt.夸张
amplify 扩大(以满足…需要); manifest adj.显然的,明白的
maintain
vt.1.保持to maintain order; 2.坚持(主张); 3.保养; 4.赡养
to maintain sb’s innocence主张; to maintain the equipment保养
to maintain a large family
majority
n.多数; major adj.大的,主要的; minor adj.小的,次要;minority n.少数
a vast majority of 绝大多数的; a minority of 少数的
manifest
adj.明显的; vt.表明; vt.表明=show exhibit display demonstrate
apparent; distinct; plain; outstanding; clear (x); obvious (x)
evident 明显的; evidence n.证据;
manipulate
vt.(熟练的)操作,操纵; manual 手工的; pull 拉,拽
to manipulate a machine; to manipulate the Stock Market
to manipulate the public opinions
manual
adj.手工的,体力的(physical); manual/physical labor体力劳动
mental labor脑力劳动
manufacture
vt.制作,制造; the manufacturing industry;
manufacturer n.生产厂家,生产厂商
manuscript
n.手写稿; script n.脚本; describe vt.描写; inscribe vt.刻写,铭刻
transcribe vt. 抄写; prescribe vt.1.规定2.开药方
prescribed textbooks 指定教材; prescribe some medicine for a patient
margin
n.1.页边空白write notes in the margin of the book
2.边缘 sit on the margin of a lake
3.余地escape defeat by an narrow margin 侥幸获胜
on the edge/verge/border/boundary/fringe/brink(超)/outskirts/brim of边缘都用on
massacre
v.n.屠杀; slaughter v.屠杀; mass n.(一)团,块,堆→大量
a mass of clouds 一团云; a mass of flames 一团火焰
a mass of ice 一块冰; a mass of snow 一堆雪
mass production 规模生产; mass media 大众传媒
massive
adj.巨大的,大量的,魁梧的; a massive monument 巨型的纪念碑
a massive rock 巨大的; a massive of water 大量的
a man of massive frame 身材魁梧的人
mature
adj.成熟的; nature n.大自然;
nurture vt.滋养,养育,培育; nurse 保姆,护士
means
n.方式 a means; by no means 决不; by means of 通过…的方式
by this means 通过这种方式=in this way/fashion/mode/mainer
measure
vt.测量,评估 n.尺寸,大小; measures 措施
take measures to do采取措施; take precautions(预防,警惕) to do/against
caution n.谨慎 vt.警告; Lust Caution 色戒
medium
n.媒介,媒体,媒质pl.media ; mass media 大众媒体; adj.中间的,中等的
Air is a medium for the sound.; Tv is a medium for the education.
a house of medium/moderate/modest size 大小适当的房子
bacterium- bacteria 细菌; stratum- strata 地层,阶层; datum- data数据
mend
vt.修理=repair; amend the constitution 修订宪法
merciful
adj.怜悯的; mercy n.怜悯; at the mercy of sb 任由sb摆布
merciless 残忍的= cruel
mere
adj. 仅仅; a mere +n.(pl.)可以加名词单/复数; merely adv.=only,just
It’s a mere trifle.仅仅是一个小事
It’s a mere 20 kilometers from here to the railway station.
I merely said it as a joke.
merge
vi.合并; merger and acquisition 并购; The two roads will merge ahead.
Twilight has merged into darkness. 暮色被黑暗吞噬.
merit
n.美德,优点 virtue; extol/praise sb’s virtues/merits 对sb歌功颂德
mess
n.脏乱,混乱in a mess/confusion/disorder/chaos ; message n.消息
metropolitan
adj.首都的,省会的,大都市的; metropolis n.大都市; politics 政治
urban adj.都市/城市的; suburban adj.郊区的;municipal adj.市政的
migrate
vi.迁移,迁徙 migrate to; migrant ; migrating birds候鸟
immigrate 移入 immigrant; emigrate 移出 emigrant
mild
adj.1.温和的(sb)gentle; 2.温和的(sth)not severe ; wild adj.狂野的
mild looks/eyes温和的眼神; a mild winter温和的冬天
a severe winter/summer严冬/酷暑
a mild punishment/climate温和的惩罚/气候
military
adj.军事的; military discipline 军事纪律; militant adj.好战的
be exempt/free from military service 免于服军役
mingle
v.混合=mix /blend ; single adj.单一的; mingle water with wine
mix/mingle/associate/interact with sb 和sb交往
minimize
vt.使最小化; minimum 最小的; maximum maximize
the maximum speed/temperature/load最高速度/最高气温/最大载货量
optimistic 乐观的; optimum adj.最理想的
minute
adj.微小的,少的 n.分钟; a minute amount of water一点点水
minute particles of dust 尘埃; minibus minishirt; ministate 小国家
miracle
n.奇迹; spectacle(s) n.景观; pl.眼镜; manacles n.手铐
obstacle n.障碍= obstruction
mischief
n.1.恶作剧2.淘气 be fond of mischief
miserable
adj.痛苦的,悲惨的; a miserable life ;
miser n.小器鬼 misery n.痛苦; miserly adj.小器的
misfortune
n.不幸,灾祸,恶运
mission
n.1.使命,任务;2.使团; Mission Impossible 碟中碟; a trade mission
mobile
adj.移动的; moblilize vt.动员
mock
adj.假的,伪造的,模仿的v.嘲笑=laugh; rock 岩石
a mock rock; a mock interview模拟面试;
to mock/laugh at sb’s attempts 嘲笑sb的努力
mode
n.方式in this mode/fashion/way/means 通过…方式
by this means通过…方式
moderate
adj.适度的(理想化); a moderate size; to travel at a moderate speed
modest
adj.1谦虚的(x)be modest about; 2.不多的,适度的a modest salary
modify
vt.修订,改善(积极的改变),修饰; to modify the law修订法律
Adverbs are often used to modify verbs.副词经常用来修饰动词
repair mend 修理; amend vt.修订; alter v.(部分的)改变
amend/modify the constitution修订宪法
vary vt.使多样化to vary one’s diet; vi. 浮动,变动=range
vary/range between A and B; vary/range from A to B
convert 转变,转化; convert defeat into victory
moist
adj.潮湿的humid/wet/damp潮湿的; hoist vt.举起=raise
mold
n.1霉2模子vt.塑造=shape; to mold one’s character/future
monitor
n.1班长2窃听器,监测器,显示器 vt.to monitor the illness of a patient
to monitor a conversation 窃听; overhear 偷听
monopoly
n.垄断,专卖 mono-单一; monotonous adj.单调的dull
the power of monopoly over the oil industry 石油业的垄断权
monster
n.怪物; master 1.主人2硕士3少爷;
monstrous adj.1.奇怪的,怪诞的monstrous dreams
2.巨大的 monstrous buildings
mortal
adj.必死的Man is mortal; a mortal enemy 不共戴天的敌人
mortal hatred 深仇大恨; a mortal combat 殊死战
fatal 致命的 a fatal blow致命的一击
vital 1.和生命相关的 2.极为重要的 a vital organ 要害器官
It is vital that s’+should+v’很重要的是...;
vitally important 极为重要的; vitamin 维他命
mortgage
n/vt.抵押
motivate
vt.给予动机,激励; move v.动; motion n.动; motive n动机
motivate sb to do= encourage/inspire sb to do
mount
n.山 mountain 山脉; v.1.数量的攀升= climb= rise= increase
The cost of living is mounting steadily.
2.骑上,登上to mount a horse 上马; to mount the steps 登上台阶
to mount the throne 登基;
3.装上,镶上to mount the jewels in gold; 把珠宝镶到金子上
mourn
vt.哀悼 mourner 送葬者
multiply
v.1乘2.繁殖=bread 3.使增加; a multitude/numerous of大量的
amplify enlarge 使增加
municipal
adj.城市的,市政的; the municipal government市政府
the municipal transport system; metropolitan adj.首都的,大都市的
urban adj.都市的; suburban adj.郊区的; suburb n.郊区
muscular
adj.肌肉的,强健的
mutual
adj.共同的,相互的 mu-共有; community n.社区;
mutual respect 互相尊重; mutual benefit 互利
mysterious
adj.神秘的; mystery n.[c]神秘,迷
myth
n.神话 mythology n.神话(集合)
N
narrate
vt.描述 describe ; narrative adj.叙述性的; a narrative poem
comedy 喜剧; tragedy 悲剧; drama/ play 戏剧; poem 诗歌
legend 传奇; literature 文学; narrative literature 叙事文学
fiction 小说; novel 小说(x)adj.新颖的; myth 神话
navigation
n.1.航海,航空2.导航,领航; a navigational system导航系统
GPS=global positioning system
navy
n.海军 join the navy; army 陆军,部队; be loyal to the Rayal Navy
necessity
n.1.[u]必要性 2.[c]必需品the necessities of life; necessary adj.必要的
to bow to necessity 做不得已之事;
acquaintance n.1.[u]熟悉,了解2[c]熟人
negative
adj.1.否定的2.负面的3.消极的; negative influence负面的影响
a negative/affirmative answer 否定回答/肯定回答
positive adj.积极的,正面的; positive criticism
affirmative肯定的-negative否定的
positive积极的-negative消极的; active 积极的- passive消极的
neglect
vt.1(长期)忽视(本应关注之事); 2.漏做 neglect to do=forget to do
to neglect one’s health/wife/study;
to neglect one’s appearances 不修边幅
overlook vt.1俯瞰2.(小错误)的忽视忽略; to overlook a spelling error
ignore vt. 故意忽视; to ignore sb’s rude remarks
disregard pay no attention to 不管,不顾,不预理会
to disregard sb’s warnings
negligible
adj.无足轻重的,微不足道的; a negligible error/loss;
be negligent of=neglect
sb be negligent of one’s duty 忽视了自己的职责
neutral
adj.中性的,中立的remain neutral; neutral nations; impartial 公正的
pessimistic悲观- optimistic乐观; positive 支持- negative反对
biased= prejudiced 有偏见的(干扰项) (X); objective (√) subjective
gloomy 忧郁的(X) scared (X)恐惧的;
nominate
vt.提名,任命; synoym 同义词; antonym 反义词
anonym anonymous 匿名的; autonomous 自治的
to nominate/appoint sb to a vocancy 任命sb到空缺职位
to nominate sb for the Presidency 提名sb就任总统
nonsense
n.胡说,废话; talk nonsense 胡说八道; sense a.感性 b.理性
a. sensitive 敏感的; sensual 性感的; sensational 轰动的,耸人听闻的
b.sensible 明智的,知书达理的; make sense of 理解
notable
adj.值得注意的,显著的,著名的 =famous=well-known=noted
note n.1笔记2. 注释refer to the notes 3.发行
the issue of new bank notes 新版钞票的发行; 4.音调,声调,语气,特征
There was a note of self-importance in his speech.; vt.=notice 注意
noted
adj.著名的,闻名的,显著的= famous= well-known= noted
a noted town for its pottery(陶器)
notify
vt.通知= inform; notify sb of sth= inform sb of sth; instruct sb to do 指导
notion
n.主意,理解,认为= conception= idea;
I have no idea/notion/conception of what you said.
你刚才说的话我一点都不懂
He has a notion that I’m cheating him. 他认为我在欺骗他
notorious
adj.臭名昭著的 a notorious/flagrant/gross criminal
nourish
vt.滋养,养育; nourishing food 有营养的; to nourish the soil 施肥
nurse nurture n./vt养育 ; mature /v./adj.成熟; nature n.
nuisance
n.[c]令人讨厌的人或物; The mosquitoes are really a nuisance
numb
adj.麻木的; number 数字; be numb with terror 吓呆了
fingers numb with cold 冻僵了
numerous
adj.大量的; numerable 可数的; innumerable 无数的;
in numerical order 按数字排列的
nurture
n.养育,教育,教养,营养品;vt.养育,给与营养物,教养; nurse 护士,保姆
mature 成熟的; nature 大自然; nourish 滋养
foster 养育,抚育,培养; cultivate 培养 adopt 收养
nutrition
n.营养,营养学 a book on nutrition
O(09-11-下)
obedient
adj.服从的,遵守的; be obedient to; an obedient child/dog 听话的孩子/狗
obey vt.服从,遵守obey sb/the low
object
n.1.物体2目标 vi.反对 ; object to sth=be opposed to sth
objective
adj.客观的; n.目的,目标purpose/aim/end
subject n.臣民,题目,科目,主题; vt.征服,使遭受;
subjective adj.主观的
optimistic乐观的-pessimistic悲观的;
objective客观的(正确项)-subjective主观
impartial 公正的-partial偏袒的,偏爱/见
prejudiced/biased 偏见/爱的(干扰); indifferent 冷漠的(干扰)
approving 赞同的; critical 批评的 neutral 中立的
gloomy 忧伤的(干扰); positive 支持的 negative 否定的
obligation
n.义务; oblige vt.迫使 (客观的); force (主管)迫使
obligatory/compulsory/required courses; optional courses 选修课
constrain 勉强,迫使; compel impel 迫使
oblige
vt. 1.迫使,责成2. 施惠,帮…的忙; Please oblige me by closing the door.
I'm much obliged to you. 我非常感谢你帮忙。
obscure
adj.1默默无闻的; 2.模糊的,不清楚的= vague= indistinct
Jude the Obscure (Thomas Hardy)
an obscure figure in the distance 远处模糊的身影
observe
vt.1.观察; 2遵守=obey; 3评论=comment ; observatory n.天文台
observe the clauses/terms of the contract 遵守合同的条款
obsolete
adj.过时了的,废弃了的; an obsolete railway废弃的铁路
obstacle
n.障碍物= obstruction; an obstacle to one’s ideal
surmount/overcome/conquer an obstacle to one’s ideal
obstruct
v.阻碍,阻挡; obstruction n.障碍,障碍物
obtain
vt.获得; acquire (通过努力)获得; get punishment
obvious
adj.明显的; vidence n.证据 — evident adj.明显的
apparent; plain; manifest; distinct 明显的 -indistinct 模糊的
occasion
n.场合(时间); occur 发生; an occasion when s’+v’;
on one occusion 曾经(一次)
occasional
adj.偶尔的; He visits me occasionally. ; occasionally= at long intervals
occupy
vt.占据 ; vocate 腾空,空出
occur
vi.1.(偶然的)发生happen; 2.exist存在
3.It occurred to sb that s’+v’ sb突然想起了sth
take place (非偶然的)发生; recur 再次发生;
concur 一起发生,共同出现
odd
adj.1奇怪的,古怪的2奇数的 3.短暂的,暂时的=temporary
permanent/ecternal 永久的; an odd man an odd job
odds
n.可能性=chances/possibility; The odds/chances are in our favor.
The odds/chances are against us.
offend
v.1违背2冒犯; fence n.篱笆; defence n.防御 defend v.防御
offence n.1违背,违反2.冒犯; commit an offence/error/crime
offensive
adj.1令人厌恶的2.侵略的aggressive;
offensive/defensive weapon 进攻/防御性武器
offset
n.分支; 开端; 出发
offspring
n.子孙后代=posterity=descendant; forebear=forefather=ancestor 祖先
predecessor 前任,前辈
omit
vt.疏忽,忽略,省略; emit =send out 释放出; permit 允许
submit to sth 屈服于2.提交
admit 1承认admit (to) doing2允许进入
transmit 传播,传布= spread
operation
n.实施 The law has come into operation.
come into practice/effect/operation/force
bring sth into practice/effect/operation/force
operate v.1.做手术operate on sb2.操作
to operate/manipulate a machine ; manipulate (熟练的)操作
opponent
n.对手rival/competitor
oppose
vt.反对; to oppose sth=to be opposed to sth;
face sth=be faced with sth 面对
opposite
adj.对立的,对过的,对面的; the opposite building
one’s opposite number = counterpart
oppress
vt.压迫,压抑; the oppressed class; oppressive weather
press vt.压,按press a button; n. 新闻界the press
pressure n.压力; pressing adj.=urgent/impertive紧急的
impress (sb)给sb深刻的印象; 给sth印痕
depress 1. (sb)使sb情绪低落2使萧条
compress 挤压; oppress 压迫; suppress=repress 1.镇压2.取缔
opt
vi. opt for 选择; option optional course;
optimistic adj.乐观的 pessimistic 悲观的
orient n.东方; adj.东方的,灿烂的; v.向东
origin n.起源,出处; original adj.1最开始2独创的,新颖的
The original plan has been abandoned.; original design 新颖的设计
originate from 起源于,源自于
crude oil 原油 ; crude manners 粗野的行为
outcome
n.结果=result; income 收入; It turned out that…结果表明
outlet
n.出口;机会; an outlet of steam蒸汽的出口; an outlet of the lake湖的出口
Children used an outlet for their energies. 孩子们需要一个发泄精力的机会
outline
n.轮廓,框架,提纲frame/skeleton
outlook
n.1.景色=spectacle/view/scene/scenery/sight; 2.观点
3.前途,前景=prospect/promise; an outlook on life 人生观
a bright outlook of trade 光明的贸易前景
output
n.1.输出2.产量=yield; input 输入
outset
n.开端,开始start/beginning; at the beginning/start/outset of
outskirts
n.城市的边缘 suburb郊区; on the outskirts of a city
outstanding
adj.突出的,出类拔萃的; eminent 显赫的,杰出的
prominent 卓越的,突出的; distinguished卓越的; exceptional 杰出的
overall
adj.全面的,全方位的be in overall change of sth ; overalls n.联体工作服
overcome
vt.战胜,克服=conquer=surmount ; overcome an obstacle to
over- under- 表示程度的过于
overdraw
v.透支
overdue
adj.迟到的,延误的
overestimate
vt.高估; underestimate vt.低估
overflow
n./v.溢出
overhear
vt.偷听; monitor 窃听; to overhear sb’s conversation
overlook
vt.1俯瞰,鸟瞰2忽视,忽略; neglect 长期忽视; ignore 故意忽视
disregard 不管,不顾; omit 省略; overpass vt.胜过,忽视,渡过
overseas
adj./adv.to go overseas ; to live overseas
overseas students/Chinese留学生/海外华侨
overtake
vt.赶上,超过= surpass; overtake other cars on the road;
take over sth from sb接管,接收;
the power of monopoly take over the oil industry
undertake 1.承担2.开始; undertaking 事业
overthrow
vt. 打倒,推翻,颠覆
overtime
n./adj/adv./超时(的),加班(的); vt.使超时
overturn
n.倾覆,破灭,革命vt. 推翻,颠倒
overwhelm
vt.1淹没2 压倒3击溃; 1.be overwhelmed by a flood
2.an overwhelming majority绝大多数
Overwhelmed by gratitude, he knelt down.不胜感激,他跪倒在地
3.be overwhelmed by the enemy
overwork
n.过度操劳,过度工作; vt.使劳累过分;对...使用过度;把...做过头;把...说过火
overwork oneself 劳累过度; overwork a design 设计标准过高
owe
vt.1.欠2.感激3.归功于…; 1.owe sb sth=owe sth to sb
2.owe sb sth; 3.owe sth to sb= attribute sth to sb= credit sth to sb
owing to sth/doing 由于…=due to=on account of=for the sake of =because of ; thanks to +n.(积极的原因)多亏,幸亏
P(08-6-2)
pace
n.步伐,速度; keep pace with sb; At the pace of /rate of
quicken the pace of life
pack
vt.打包,塞满 ; be packed with sb/sth like sardines
pain
n./v.痛苦 pains 付出努力; no pains, no gains
take great pains to do= make great efforts/endeavors to do不辞辛劳做…
paint
vt.上油漆,做油画 painting 油画
panic
n./vi.恐慌
paradox
n.似非而是的话,自相矛盾的事物
“More haste,less speed”is a paradox. 欲速则不达
parallel
adj.和…平行/并行; be parallel to/with
paralyze
vi.瘫痪; be paralyzed with fear
partial
adj.部分的,偏爱的,偏袒的; a partial success 阶段性成功
a partial solution解决问题的部分方法; be partial to 偏爱的(明确)
be biased/prejudiced against/to 偏见/偏爱(不明确)
participate
vi.参与,参加; participate in 参加
counterpart 对应的角色; play a part in 在…起作用
particle
n.颗粒,粒子; particles of dust 尘埃
particular
adj.1具体的-general 总体的; particular details 具体的细节
go to particulars (n.)具体
2.特别的(程度) special (性质的)特别;
a litter of particular important 一封特别重要的信
3.be particular about 挑剔
passion
n.激情; compassion 同情; compassionate adj.同情的
passionate adj.有激情的
passive
adj.消极的(行动); active 积极的(行动)
positive 积极的helpful,constructive; negative 消极的(反作用的)
positive suggestions; negative criticism
passport
n.护照
pastime
n.娱乐,消遣; recreation diversion 娱乐消遣
patent
n.专利; tent 帐篷; maternal 母亲的 paternal 父亲的
patience
n.耐心; patient adj.有耐心的 n.病人; be patient of doing sth 有耐心做
be patient with sb 对sb有耐心; have patience with sb/of doing sth
impatient 没耐心的,不耐烦的; impossible 不可能的
patriotic
adj.爱国的 patriot n.爱国者; pat(拍打)+riot(骚乱)=爱国者
patrol
n./v.巡逻 a patrol car 巡逻车
patron
n.资助者,客户,顾客; patronage n.资助,赞助
pattern
n.模式sentence pattern 句式,句型
pause
n.暂停 during the pause of
pave
vt.铺设 ; carve 雕刻; pave a way for 为某人做基础工作
pavement
n.人行道
payment
n.支付的款项; pay 支付
peculate
vt.挪用,霸占,侵吞; appropriate=embezzle 侵吞 vt.挪用,霸占,侵吞
appropriate=proper adj.恰当的,适当的; porperty 财产
peculiar
adj.特有的; peculiar to 为…所特有的
customs peculiar to this tribe 这个部落所特有的风俗
pedestrian
n.行人 ped- 脚; pedicure 足疗 ; centipede 蜈蚣
peddle vi.沿街叫卖 peddler 小贩; expedition 远足
music-musician physician 医生
peel
n.植物/水果的皮vt.剥皮; skin 皮肤; leather 皮革; peeler 水果刀
genuine leather 真皮; complexion 肤色
fair complexion 白皙的皮肤; peel a banana 剥香蕉
peep
vi.偷窥 peep at; peer vi.凝视 peer at
penalty
n.刑罚punishment 处罚 fine 罚金; extreme penatlty 极刑
penetrate
vt.扎破,刺破; penetrating eyes 锐利的眼睛
The cat’s claws penetrated his skin. 这只猫的爪子抓破了他的皮肤
penetrate sb’s motives/hypocrisy 洞察sb的动机/看穿sb的虚伪
hypo-假的,虚的,伪的
peninsula
n.半岛 pen-半; insular adj.1.岛屿的2.岛上居民的3.心胸狭窄的
peninsular adj.半岛的
pension
n.养老金 ; compensate for 补偿; drawer 抽屉; draw a pension 领退休金
perceive
v.察觉 ; perception n.觉察,理解
perform
vt.表演,表现,做; perform an operation 做手术; perform a task 履行任务
performance 性能
perfume
n.香水; fume n.浓烈的气味
perish
v.毁灭; perion 阶段; perish the thought 死了这条心
permanent
adj.永久的; permanent address 永久住址; temporary address 临时住址
permeate
vt./vi.弥漫,渗透 permeate through
persecute
vt.迫害; prosecute sb for 起诉 ; charge with; sue sb for; accuse sb of
persevere
vi.坚忍,坚持,坚韧不拔; persevere in doing;
severe adj.严酷的; perseverance n.坚忍不拔
persist
vi.坚持,继续; persist in doing sth 坚持继续做某事;
insist on sth 坚持某种观点
I think,therefore I am.我思故我在; I persist,therefore I am.我坚持故我在
personnel
n.人事,全体员工=staff; personnel officer/manager 人事经理
staff officer 人事经理; staff office 人事办公室
perspective
n.视角,观点
persuade
vt.说服; persuade sb into doing sth/to do sth
persuade sb out of doing说服sb不做
pessimistic
adj.悲观的; pessimism 悲观主义 ; pessimist 悲观主义者
optimistic 乐观的; optimism乐观主义; optimist乐观主义者
pest
n.有害物,害虫
petty
adj.小的,无足轻重的= unimportant= insignificant
pet animal 宠物 pet name 昵称
phase
n.阶段= stage= period; at a critical phase 在关键阶段; phrase 短语
philosophy
n.哲学 philosopher哲学家
physical
adj.物理的;身体的;客观的; physics 物理 pysician 医生
physicist 物理学家; physical circumstances 客观环境
physical examination 体检; physical education 体育
physical part 硬件
pierce
v.刺破,扎破= penetrate ; piece 片; have one’s eras pierced 穿耳洞
fierce adj.凶恶的 a fierce dog恶狗
pinch
v.捏,掐,挤; pin 大头针,别针; inch 英寸
pinch sb cheeks 捏sb的脸颊; My shoes pinch. 我的鞋夹脚
pioneer
n./v.先锋,先驱 The Yong Pioneers; The three pioneers of NOs.三个创始人
pioneer the wilderness 拓荒; pioneer an enterprise 开创企业
pioneering spirit 开拓精神
pirate
n.海盗vt./n.盗版pirated CD盗版CD; piratical adj.盗版的
plague
n.瘟疫; vt.折磨,烦扰,使苦恼
plain
n.平原 adj.明显的,明白的; complain of 抱怨,投诉
plausible
adj.合理的; applause n.掌声,鼓掌
plea
n.恳求,借口
plead
vi.恳求plead with sb for sth恳求sb以得到sth; vt.以…为借口
plead sth 以…为借口; plead poverty 以贫穷为借口
plot
n.情节;阴谋
plunge
vi.仓促的跳入plunge into; n.冒险; dive vi.潜水,跳水; jump 跳,蹦
leap 蹦; look before you leap 三思而后行
take the plunge 断然采取行动,冒险
poisonous
adj.有毒的
polish
vt.磨光,擦光; polish one’s shoes 擦光皮鞋; polish furniture 擦家具
poll
n./v.投票; roll 滚动; congress 开会,会议; go to the poll 去投票
head the poll 获得最高选票
ponder
v.思考; panda 大熊猫; ponder over=think over 仔细思考
portable
adj.手提的,可搬运的; portable computers 手提电脑
porter
n.脚夫,搬运工,挑夫
portrait
n.画像 ; trait 显著特点; portray v.绘画
positive
adj.积极的,肯定的; negative 消极的,否定的
possess
vt.拥有; possess possessions/assets 财产; assess sb’s assets 评估sb的财产
postpone
vt.推迟; postpone the exam; post war 战后; post doctorate 博士后
posterity 子孙后代
potential
adj有潜力的; potent adj.有力的; a potent reason 一个有力的原因
impotent adj.无力的; important adj.重要的; omnipotent adj.万能的
pour
v.倾倒; pour me a cup of tea 给我倒一杯茶
It never rains but pours.不雨则已,一雨倾盆;屋漏偏逢连夜雨;祸不单行
poverty
n.贫困; poor adj.贫穷的; I am in poverty.; I am poverty.(错); I am poor.
practical
adj.实践的,实际的,实用的; practice n.v.实践; a practical invention
practitioner
n.从业者
praise
vt./n.赞扬 ; praiseworthy 值得赞扬的
preach
v.宣扬 breach n.缺口
precaution
n.预防; caution n./vt.谨慎,小心
precede
v.在…前面; precedent 前例,先例; preceding adj.前面的
precious
adj.宝贵的
precise
adj.精确的; concise 简洁的
predecessor
n.前辈
predict
vt.预言; preface n.前言
preferable
adj.令人更喜欢的; prefer A to B 喜欢A胜过B
refer 参阅 confer 商议,商讨
prejudice
n.偏见; be prejudiced against/to 偏见/偏爱; biased prejudiced partial
have a prejudice against/to 对..有偏见/爱
Repetition is the mother of skills.重复是技能之母
preliminary
adj.初步的; initial; a preliminary exam 初试
premise
n.前提;营业场所,相关的建筑物; on the premise of 以…为前提
a major premise 大前提; a minor premise; a conclusion;
on the premises of a bookstore
premium
n.保险金;奖金; put a premium on sth 鼓励/激励sth
prescribe
v.开药方,规定 -scribe 写,画; manuscript 手写搞; describe 描写
inscribe 刻写; transcribe 抄写; prescribe textbooks 指定教材
present
adj.出席vt.呈送,递送n.礼物; absent adj./vt.缺席; consent to 同意
The children presented a bunch of flowers to the Queen.
孩子们向女王递送一束鲜花.
present sth to sb ; present sb with sth
presently
adv.立刻,马上,at once,immediately
preserve
vt.保存,保养,保险,腌制
preside
vi.主持,主导; preside over the state council; president 总统
press
v.压,按
prestige
n.声望; build up one’s prestige 建立sb的声望
build up one’s reputation(好坏)/fame(大小); famous 著名的
presume
vt.假设 ; assume 1认为2假设
pretend
vt.假装; attend 出席 ; contend 竞争
intend to do sth 打算; extend 延伸 ; pretend 假装
pretext
n./vt.借口,托辞 plea 借口
prevail
vi.获胜; prevail over sb 胜过sb; prevailing 流行的,盛行的
have an influence on/over sb对sb有影响
the prevailing winds 主流的风向; the prevailing fashions 流行风
prevalent
adj.流行的,盛行的=prevailing;
prosperity 繁荣,发达,兴旺 prospering adj. =prosperous adj.
previous
adj.以前的 former; my former/previous wife/job
pride
n./vt.骄傲; take pride in…=pride oneself on…; proud adj.骄傲的
as proud as a peacock 像孔雀一样骄傲;
appeal n.吸引力vt.控诉vi.呼吁;
peacock 雄孔雀 peahen 雌孔雀; peachick 小孔雀
be proud of…对…感到骄傲
primary
adj.基础的,主要的; primary school= elementary school小学
element n.元素
prime
adj.首要的,最重要的; the prime minister 首相; the prime task
primitive
adj.原始的; a primitive forest 一片原始森林; a primitive tribe 原始部落
principal
adj.1.主要的n.2负责人3本金; musical 音乐的; medical 医疗的
principle
n.原则,原理
prior
adj. prior to 在…前面; prefer A to B
anterior to 在…之前(非常正式formal ); posterior to 在…的后面
senior to 级别/年龄高于; (大四); jonior to 级别/年龄低于; (大三)
superior to (级别)高于,(质量/数量)优于
inferior to (级别)低于, (质量/数量)劣于
jonior school 初中; senior school 高中
sense of superiority 优越感 ; sense of inferiority 自卑感
priority
n.优先权; give priority to 优先考虑,优先处理; give birth to 生育
give rise to sth 引起; give place to 被取代
give color to 使更可信,使更形象
privacy
n.隐私; private adj.隐私的,私人的,私有的
privilege
n./vt.特权,好处; underprivileged adj.条件差的,贫穷的; over privileged
prize
n.奖品vt.珍惜; value treasure cherish 珍惜
probe
vt.调查; robe 长袍,浴衣; probe a scandal 调查一个丑闻
investigate 调查
proceed
vi.继续 proceed to do 继续做sth; process n.过程
proclaim
vt.宣称 ; acclaim 欢呼
profession
n.职业; professor 教授
professional
adj.职业的 amateur 业余的; professional players
proficiency
n.擅长; proficient adj. 擅长的; efficient 有效率的
be proficient at/in; be good at; be expert at/in ;
be skilled in ; be an authority on
sufficient 足够的; insufficient 不够的
deficient 缺乏的 defict 赤字
profit
n.利益; profitable adj.有利可图的; benefit 利益
profound
adj.深深的; a profound bow/interest/book 深深的鞠躬/浓厚的兴趣/深奥的书
progress
n.进步
prohibit
vt.禁止; prohibit/inhibit sb from doing; forbid sb to do
project
vt.投射; projector 投影仪; project missiles/shells 发射导弹/炮弹
inject 注射,打针 ; object 反对 ; reject 断然拒绝
subject a country 征服一个国家; be subject to 有待于..,服从..,易遭受..
This application is subject to his consent. 这个申请有待于同意
be subject to colds 爱感冒
prolong
vt.延长 ; prolong one’s visit 延长sb的访问
prominent
adj.出类拔萃的,杰出的,突出的; eminent outstanding
promise
vt.承诺(口);n.前途,前景; a man of promise 一个有前途的人
show great promise 很好的前景; promising 有前途的
a promising company/teacher 一个有前途的公司/老师;
promote
vt.1提拔2促进; promote sales 促销; motive 动机
promote sb to a vacancy 把sb提升到一个空缺的岗位上
promote friendship 促进友谊; a promote campaign 促销活动
prompt
vt.促使 adj.即刻,马上的; prompt sb to do sth 促使sb做sth
give sb a prompt reply 马上给sb答复
prone
adj.有…倾向; be prone to(prep) anger/error 易怒的/易犯错的
be prone to do;be disposed to do; be apt to do; tend to do
be liable to do=be subject to do 易遭受
be subject for/to sth= responsible 对…负责任
proof
n.证据= evidence adj.防…的; be proof against; evident 明显的
waterproof 放水的; soundproof 隔音的;
fireproof 防火的 bulletproof 防弹的
property
n.财产; prophet 财产; appropriate 挪用;
proportion
n.比例;vt.使成比例,使均衡; portion 部分;
in proportion to 和…成比例; out of proportion to 和…不成比例
proposal
n.建议(常用); proposition 建议(fml非常正式),定理
prosecute
v.起诉; prose 文章,散文; persecute 迫害
prospect
n.前景,前途
prospective
adj.即将实现的,未来的; one’s prospective bride 未婚妻; bribe 贿赂
prosper
vi.成功,繁荣; a prospering business 一个红火的企业
prosperity n.成功,繁荣,发达; prosperous adj.成功的,繁荣的
protect
vt.保护protect sb from/against; safaguard sb from/against免受/抵制
robust 强健的(乐百氏); shield n.盾v.保护; shelter 保护,庇护
protest
vi.抗议 protest against
provided
conj.倘若,假若; provide sb with sth= provide sth to sb 提供
I will give you hand provided (that) I can.
provoke
vt.1召唤,引起2激怒3驱使,促使; provoke a riot 引起骚乱
be provoked/annoyed/irritated 被激怒;
prompt/provoke sb to do 促使某人做; revoke 取消,废除(超)
prudent
adj.谨慎的 ; prude n.谨慎的人; crude 未经提炼的,原始的
a prudent politician 一个谨慎的政治家
psychological
adj.心理学的; psycho- 心理; psychologist 心理学家
punctual
adj.准时的; be punctual for class 按时上课; be late/early for class
sell thing on credit 赊卖; on time on schedule 按时
The train arrived on schedule.for the next train
be in time for 及时;
be on time for be on schedule for; be late/early for 按时
punish
vt.处罚 ; punishment 处罚 ; penalty惩罚
purchase
n.vt.购买
pursue
vt.1.追捕,追猎 purse a bear/a robber/a criminal
2.追求 pursue love/pleasure/success
pursuit
n.追求; in pursuit of 在追求什么
puzzle
vt.使困惑; amaze 使惊异 ; astonish 使惊愕
Q(08-8-2)
qualifiention
n.合格证书,资格,资质
qualify
vt.使质量合格 ; a qualitied teacher一个合格的老师
quality
n.品质(人),质量(物)
quantity
n.数量
quarter
n.四分之一,一刻钟,一季度; the residential quarter 居民区
the Chinese quarter of San Francisco 旧金山华人区
queer
adj.奇怪的,古怪的n.同性恋者; gay homosexual 同性恋
abnormal 不正常; What a queer voice!
quench
vt.熄灭 quench the fire 熄灭火; put out extinguish
quest
n./v.追求; pursue a bear 追猎一头熊; pursue a robber 追捕抢劫犯
pursue a lady=be in pursuit/quest of a lady 追求一位女士
queue
n.队; form a queue 排队; jump the queue 加塞
quit
v.放弃; I quit. 我放弃,辞职.; I will quit the position.我将放弃这个职位
quiver
v.使震颤,震颤(物)连续不断的抖动; quivering leaves 颤动的叶子
tremble (人)发抖,(物)抖动,振动; shake (人)摇晃shake hands with sb
shiver (人)因为恐惧和寒冷发抖
quaver (超)声音的颤抖 ; shudder 浑身战栗
quotation
n.引言 ; quote v.引用
R(08-8-3)
radiant
adj.光芒四射的; the radiant sun; a radiant lady/bride; dazzling lady;
radius 半径 radium 镭
radiate
v.辐射 ; radiate warmth散热 ; radiate passion 散发激情
radical
adj.激进的,根本的; a radical party/change 激进的政党/根本的变化
rage
n.暴怒 (into进入某种状态); fly into a rage 勃然大怒
come into London Zoo; come into fashion ; go out of fashion
slide into a custom 不知不觉的养成; slipe into a custom 很快养成
slide on the ice 滑冰 ; slipe on the ice 滑倒
jump to a conclusion 匆忙做结论; come to a decision 做出决定
tear a letter into pieces 撕成碎片; burst/break into tears 突然大哭
raid
vi.袭击,偷袭; a night/air raid on sth/sb; 夜袭/空袭
raise
vt.提高,抚养,饲养,种植,筹集
rally
v.重整旗鼓,重新召集 ally 同盟
random
adj.随意的 at random随意地; take samples at random 随机抽样
example 例子 sample 样例,样品
range
n.范围 ; arrange 安排; arrange flowers 插花
arrange sb to do sth 安排sb去do sth; arrange sth 安排sth
rank
n.级别class,rate; first-rank teachers/products 一流的师资/一流的产品
ransom
n.赎金; vt.赎回
rare
adj.罕见的,稀少的 ; bare 赤裸的; care
a rare boos 奇书 a rare bird 珍禽; rare atmosphere 稀薄的大气
rarely
adv.几乎不= seldom= hardly= scarcely
rash
adj.鲁莽的 a rash act; crash猛撞; smash 猛砸
smash and grab 砸橱窗抢劫; clash冲突= conflict
slash 猛烈的抽打; dash 猛冲; slash the price= cut down the price
rate
n.等级,比率 rank,class ; birthrate death rate; pass rate failure rate
proportion 比例
rational
adj.理性的 ; national 国家的
react
vi.反应 react/respond to
realm
1.王国kingdom2.范围,领域range; sphere/extension/range/realm of…
rear
vt.培养raise/breed/bring up
reassure
vt.使安心; assure vt.保证; feel reassured 感到安心
reassuring results 令人安心的结果
recall
vt.回忆 recall doing sth; remember doing/to do; call up 使想起
come up,turn up 出现
recede
v.退回 economic recession
receipt
n.收到,收据 receive
reception
n.收到,招待 ; reception hotel/desk 招待所/前台
reckless
adj.鲁莽的 rash
reckon
v.计算
reclaim
vt.要求归还,索回; claim 声称,认为,要求得到
claim compensation 索赔; acclaim 欢呼 ; proclaim 宣布
recognition
n.认出,承认 ; recognize vt.认出,承认; beyond recognition 认不出
past/out of recognition 认不出
recollect
vt.回忆,回想 recollect doing
recommend
vt.推荐,介绍 commend 赞扬,称赞= praise;
recommend sth to sb 向sb推荐sth
reconcile
vt.复交,和好reconcile oneself to/with sb 和sb和好
reconcile oneself with poverty 安于贫困
get reconciled with sb 和sb言归于好
recover
vt.重新得到,恢复; recover one’s health ; recover a lost wallet
recover one’s consciousness 苏醒; recuperate from illness vi.恢复
recreation
n.娱乐,消遣; passtime diversion
recruit
vt.招募 recruit soldiers 征兵
rectify
vt.矫正; remedy vt.矫正,治愈; n.药物
recur
v.复发,重现 ; occur 发生 ; concur 一起发生,同时发生
redundant
adj.过度的,过多的 ; abundant adj.大量的
referee
n.裁判 ; refer to sth 参考(不能接人); employee 被雇佣的人,员工
refugee 难民 committee 委员会
reference
n.参考,参与; reference material/ books 参考资料/书
refine
vt.精炼; refine sugar 精炼食糖; some refined sugar 一些精糖
refine one’s language 提炼语言; refined language 精炼的语言
define 下定义,明确解释; definite adj.明确的; difinition n.定义
confine 限制; fine 罚金,处罚; confine/restrict/limit to 只能接to
strict adj.严格的
reflect
v.1.反射2反应3反思; reflect light 反射光; reflect on/ponder on 反思
The novel reflects the present social reality.这部小说反应当前社会的现实
refrain
vi.克制 restrain ; vt.克制住,抑制住 ; hold back=restrain 克制,抑制
restrain one’s temper/impulse 克制住sb的脾气/冲动
refrain from smoking
refresh
vt.使精神振作,使精力恢复,提神; fresh adj.新鲜的,精神的 fresh eggs
refresh oneself by drinking a cup of tea 喝杯茶,提提神
refresh winds 清爽的风,怡人的风 ; refreshments 点心
refuge
n.避难所,庇护 refugee 难民; shelter 避难所;
seek shelter/refuge from a storm 在暴风雨中找躲避之处
refund
vt.退款 refund the money
refute
vt.反驳 ; retort vt.反驳 ; contradict vt.反驳
regard
v. 把…视作;关注(常用于否定句); disregard vt.不管,不顾
disregard sb’s warning ; regardless of 不管不顾(介词短语)
regarding=as regards=concerning=about prep.关于
register
vi./n.登记check in; a cash-register 现金出纳机; register in/out登记入住/退宿
regulate
vt.调整,规范,管理; regulate traffic 管理交通;
traffic regulations 交通规章制度; regular adj.规律的,规则的
rehearsal
n.排联,排演,彩排; rehearse v.彩排
reign
vi./n.统治,朝代 ; rein v./n.缰绳,统治,支配
reinforce
vt.加强,加固; consolidate vt.加强; cement vt.加固 n.水泥
strengthen vt.加强
reject
vt.拒绝,排斥
rejoice
vi./vt. 高兴,使高兴; joy v./n.高兴; rejoice at 对…表示喜悦
rejoice sb 使sb高兴
relate
vt. 1.叙述2.使有关系; relate a story; be related to sb/sth
be remotely/closely related to sb 和sb有远/近亲
be relevant to 和…直接相关,切题; relative 亲戚,亲属
relax
vt.使放松 ; feel relaxed 感到放松 ; relaxing music 令人放松的音乐
relay
n.接力比赛; a relay race 接力赛; lay 放;
work by relays 倒班工作; delay 耽搁,阻止
lie lied lied 撒谎; lie lay lain 躺
lay laid laid 放置,下蛋,产卵
release
vt.释放; lease n.租约; release a criminal from prison从监狱里释放罪犯
release a monk from his vows(誓言) 让一个和尚还俗
newly released disks/films 最新发行的影片
relevant
adj.有关系的,相应的 related
reliable
adj.可信赖的,可依赖的; rely vi.依靠; rely on…依靠在…上面
self-reliance 自力更生
relieve
vt.减轻,减缓 ; relieve oneself 大小便; relief sb of his post 解职
relieve one’s feelings 发泄sb的情感; relief n.减缓,缓和
rely
vi.依靠 rely on
remainder
n.剩下的人或物,余数; remain v.保持,剩下,剩于; remains 通常指物
the remains of a meal/the Great Wall/a soldier
剩下的食物/长城遗址和遗迹/遗骨
the remainder of a meal 专门留的饭
remedy
n.药物; vt.治疗,矫正; tragedy 悲剧 ; comedy 喜剧
remind
vt.提醒; remind-remain ; reminder-remainder
remind sb to do ; remind sb of sth ;
reminder 提示物,提醒物 ; send sb a reminder
remote
adj.1.遥远的2.小的; remote control 遥控; remote relative 远亲
The chance of doing… is rather remote做…事情的机会是相当渺茫的
render
vt. 1.回报2.make使 ; render thanks to sb 答谢sb.
He was made/rendered disabled in the accident.他在这次车祸中残废了
renew
v.更新,翻新; renew an old building 翻新老建筑
renew one’s contract with sb 续签合同; renew a book 续借一本书
renew one’s youth 返老还童; renew one’s marriage with sb 复婚
renewable resources 可再生资源; exhaustible resources 非可再生资源
resource 资源
renovate
vt.恢复; innovate 改进,改良; innocent 无辜的
repel
vt.排斥,拒绝 reject ; -pel 推; dispel 消除 ; compel 强迫,迫使
expel 驱逐出 ; propel 推动
representative
n.代表; present adj.出席的,当前的,n.礼物,vt.呈送,展示,展现
oral presentation 口头展示; absent from 缺席
consent to 同意 agree to/with
resent 抱怨,怨恨; represent v.代表
repression
n.镇压,压制,克制; hold back/restrain/refrain=repress
reservoir
n.水库
reside
vi.居住 reside in= dwell in= inhabit
resign
v.辞职resign oneself
resist
vt.抵制; resist the temptation to do 抵制诱惑do
consist of 组成; persist in doing 坚持继续做sth
insist on sth 坚持,主张; assist 帮助,援助 assistant 助手
resolve
v.决心; resolution n.决心(抽象)[u](具体)[c]
solve v.解决 ; solution n.解决
a man of resolution 一个有决心的人; New year resolutions 新年决心
resort
n.常去的地方,胜地; return to sb ; turn to sb 求助于sb
resort to sb/sth 诉诸; resort to arms 诉诸武力
appeal to 对sb有吸引力,诉诸
a summer resort 避暑胜地; a seaside/health/mountain resort
resource
n.资源 natural resource自然资源;
exploit 开采 sexploit vt.性利用; explore 探索
respect
vt.尊敬n.方面 -spect 看; aspect 方面 ; expect 预期,期待,期望
in this respect/aspect
respective
adj.分别的,各自的; respectable 令人尊敬的; respectful 感到尊敬的
be respectful of sth.; envy enviable 令人忌妒的; envious 感到忌妒的
I’m envious of you.我忌妒你; interesting interested
You are an enviable person an enviable wife令人忌妒的妻子(赞美老公)
contempt n.鄙视,轻蔑,轻视,耻辱; contemptible 令人鄙视的
contemptuous 感到鄙视的; creditable 可信的 credulous 轻信的
exhaustible 可耗尽的; exhaustive 完全的,彻底的(正确选项)
exhausting 令人筋疲力尽的; exhausted 感到筋疲力尽的
respond
vi.反应 react/respond to ; response n.反应 ; responsible 负责任的
restless
adj.不平静的,焦躁的,不安的; reckless 鲁莽的
restore
vt. restore sb to his post恢复sb的职位; store v.储存n.商店
restore a ruined castle修复被毁坏的城堡
feel completely restored 康复
restore the stolen wallet 归还被偷的钱包;
restrain
vt.抑制,克制
restrict
vt.限制
resume
vt.继续=continue ; assume 认为,假设 presume 假设
consume 耗尽,消费; consumer消费者
retail
n./v./adj./adv.零售 ; retailer 零售商 ; tail 尾巴
detail 细节 ; entail 使成为结果; wholesale 批发
retain
vt.保持
retort
v.反驳 contradict
retreat
vi.撤退 retreat from/to ; withdraw vt. withdraw the army
retrieve
vt.重新得到=recover ; retrieve/recover the lost key
retrospect
n.回顾,回想; introspect n.内省,反省
reveal
vt.揭示,揭露,揭发; reveal the truth; disclose= uncover=expose
revenge
vt.报仇; revenge oneself on sb ;
be revenged on sb向sb报仇(被动形式,主动内容)
revenue
n.岁收,岁入 ; avenue 林荫道
reverse
adj.相反的,颠倒的; verse 旋转; the reverse side of a coin
diverse 多样的
review
vt./n.复习,回顾 ; view 看; preview 预习 ; interview 面试,采访
revise
vt.矫正,修订 ; -vise 看; visit 看望 ; visible 可视的,看的见的
vision 视力
revive
v.复活 revival n.复活 ; -viv 生命; vivid 生动的
survive 幸存,生还 ; sur-逾越,跨越 ; survive an air crash
surpass 超过,胜过; surmount 克服
vivisection 活体解剖 -sec 切割
revolt
n.反叛; suppress a revolt 镇压一个叛乱
revolve
v.旋转; revolution n.革命; solve 解决; resolve 决心; resolution n.决心
The earth revolves around/about the sun.
reward
n./vt.回报 ; award 奖励,奖品
ridiculous
adj.荒唐可笑的
rigid
adj.严格的 strict ; rigid/strict discipline
rigorous
adj.1严格的2严酷的severe ; a rigorous summer/winter
ripe
adj.成熟的 rice 大米
risk
n./vt.风险 at the risk of 冒着…危险; risk one’s life 冒着生命危险
ritual
adj.仪式的 ; rite 仪式 ; a wedding rite 结婚仪式; a burial rite 葬礼
rival
n.竞争对手opponent ; oppose 反对
robust
adj.强健的(乐百氏); safeguard (舒服佳)保护,保卫
rotate
vt.使轮流 ; rot v./n.腐烂; rotate/alternate crops轮种庄稼
The office of President rotates
rotten
adj.烂掉的 ; rot v.腐烂 ; a rotten film 烂片;
a rotten society 腐败的社会 ; be rotten to the core 坏透了(通常指人)
rough
adj.粗糙的,崎岖的,粗暴的,粗略的; a rough trail 崎岖的小路
a rough estimate 粗略的估计
a rough apple/ skin/ sea/ temper/ tongue
一个干瘪的苹果/粗糙的皮肤/汹涌的海/暴脾气/说话粗俗
tough 艰难的 ; a tough guy 难缠的家伙
a tough task 艰难的任务
routine
n.常规,惯例 ; route 路线; the 8the Route Army 八路军
a routing greeting 常规的问候; a routing meeting/exam例会/例行考试
royal
adj.皇家的 loyal adj.忠诚的
rub
vt.揉,搓; rub shoulder with sb和sb交往,来往
rub sb in the right/wrong way 用正确的方式安抚sb/激怒sb
rude
adj.粗鲁的; crude 原始的 ; crude oil 原油
ruin
v./n.彻底的毁灭; destroy 强力摧毁; damage 损坏(能修好); spoil 宠坏
rumour
n./v.谣言,谣传
rural
adj.乡村的,农村的
rust
v.生锈n.锈 ; rusty adj.生锈了的; dust 灰尘; dusty 布满灰尘的
musty 发霉的 ; gusty 郑重大方的
ruthless
adj.残忍的,残酷的merciless/ pitiless/ savage/ brutal slaughter 屠杀
S
sacred
adj.神圣的 ; sacrifice n./v.牺牲
sample
n.样品; example 例子 ; take samples at random随机抽样
sane
adj.神智清楚的,心智健全的; I slowly go insane. 我逐渐变得疯狂
saturate
vt.浸透 be saturated with sunshine沐浴在阳光里
be saturated with history 饱读史书
scale
n.鱼鳞,天平,级别,规模; a scale of wage 工资级别
on a large/small scale 大/小规模的
scan
v./n.扫描 scanner 扫描仪
scandal
n.诽谤,诋毁 slander n./v.
scarce
adj.缺乏的,不足的;
plentiful,abundant,ample,sufficient,adequate 足够的,大量的
scarcely
adv.几乎不,简直没有
scare
vt.使恐惧 Are you scared?
scatter
vt.驱散 disperse; scatter the crowd 驱散群众
schedule
n.时刻表,日程表
scheme
n./v.阴谋,计划
scholar
n.学者 schol-=school
scold
v./n.责备
scope
n.范围sphere, range, realm; telescope 望远镜
scorn
vt.鄙视 corn 玉米
scrap
n.碎屑,垃圾
scrape
v.刮,擦 skyscraper 摩天大楼; scrape one’s knees刮伤膝盖
scratch
v.抓,挠头; head scratching questions 令人挠头的问题
If you will scratch my back,I will scratch yours.投桃报李
seal
n.1.海豹2.印章,刻章3.封条,封印; vt.封,密封
the seal of state 国玺; sealed orders 密令;
seal up the drawer 封起抽屉; seal a letter with kiss 以吻封笺
security
n.安全; secure adj.安全的; the security council 安理会
the state council 国务院,国会; a secure prospect 无忧的未来
seek
v.1.look for 寻找; 2.attempt/try to do试图; 3.ask for 寻求,谋求
seek to dispose of sb.试图干掉sb. ; seek sb’s advice 想得到sb的建议
segment
n.一瓣,一块=section部分; seg-部分 ; a segment of orange 一瓣桔子
segregate
vt.分隔,隔离 isolate/separate ; race- racial
recial segregation 种族隔离; segregate the sexes 把男女分开
senior
adj.高级的n.大四 ; junior adj.初级级的n.大三
be senior/junior to 级别高/低于,年龄的长/幼于
sensation
n.感觉.感情; 震撼,轰动; talk sense 说的有道理,有理性
talk nonsense 说的没道理,胡说八道; nonsense n.胡说,废话
sense
n.1.感觉2.理性,道理,意义; incident 1.琐事2.大事,事件
sensible
adj.明智的,理智的; a sensible wife 知书达理的妻子
sensitive
adj.敏感的; sensual 性感的= sexual
sensation n. 震撼,轰动 ; sensational adj.耸人听闻的,轰动的
sentence
n.句子;vt.判决 sentence sb to death/life imprisonment
convict sb of sth 使sb相信其罪行 ; condemn 谴责;判决
sentiment
n.情感,感情 ; a sentimental idiot 情感上的白痴
sequence
n.系列 a sequence/succession/series/train of 一系列的
an array of 摆放,陈列的一系列;
consequence 结果,后果(不良的); subsequence 随后发生的事情
setback
n.挫折; vt.抑制,克制hold back= suppress = repress= restrain; refrain vi.
drawback 瑕疵=defect ; perfect 完美的
settle
vt.(set本质固定)使安定,使定居,解决; solve a problem
settle a dispute 平息争端; settle oneself in Canada 定居在加拿大
settle myself on the bed 在床上安定下来; in bed睡觉
severe
adj.1.严酷的rigorous/harsh ; 2严格的strict/stern/rigid
shade
n.阴凉;轻微的差异slight difference ; put sb into the shade 使相形见绌
shake
vt.摇动,晃动; handshaking= shake hands with sb;
Shakespeare 莎士比亚 speare标枪
sham
adj.假的,伪的; sham death 装死
shameful
adj.可耻的(行为) ; shameless无耻的(人) ;
ashamed 感到羞耻的; be ashamed of
shape
n.形状;状况=condition; vt.塑造=mold; be in good shape 状况良好
shape and mold one’s future/character
share
n.股份,股权; vt.分享; stock stockholder/shareholder股东
shatter
vt.粉碎 shutter 百叶窗
shed
vt.流,散发; shed light on 阐明; radius 半径; radiate 散发,辐射
shed tears/blood/warmth/light/petals/leaves/skin
流泪/流血/发热/发光/落花/落叶/脱皮
shelter
n.避难所= refuge ;vt.保护; seek shelter from the storm
shelter forest 防护林; shelter/protect/safaguard/shield sb from
shield
n.盾; vt.保护; windshield/windscreed 档风玻璃
shift
n./v.转换,转移 shift/switch one’s love to sb移情别恋;
AT=gear shift MT手动档
shiver
vi.发抖(人) ; quiver(物) ; shiver from cold/fear 冷/吓的发抖
shortcut
n.捷径 take a shortcut 走捷径
shrewd(输入的)
adj.精明的 ; a shrewd businessman
shrink
v.缩水 ; expand 膨胀
signature
n.签名; sign n.符号,签名; vt.签名
significant
adj.重要的,有意义的,显著的; significant changes 显著的变化
signify
vt.意味着 ; Dark clouds signify rainstorm.
similar
adj.相似的; sim-=same ;be similar to
simulate
vt.模拟; assemble 组装,聚集; resemble vt.相似; resemble sb.酷似sb.
sincerity
n.真诚; sincere adj.真诚的
singular
adj.出类拔萃的= outstanding; single adj.单一的
a singular/outstanding scientist
skeleton
n.骷髅; a living skeleton/dictionary很瘦的人/活字典
the skeleton in the cupboard家丑= a family skeleton
skeptical
adj.怀疑的be skeptical of/about ; skeptic n.持怀疑态度的人
critic n.批评家; cynic 愤世嫉俗者; heretic 异教徒
mechanic 机械工 machine
skim
vi.略读 ; scan 扫描 ; ski 滑雪 ; skate 滑冰
skip
v.跳读,轻快的跳; skipping lambs 蹦蹦跳跳的羊羔
skyscraper
n.摩天大楼,非常高的建筑
slack
adj. slack muscles 松弛的肌肉; slack discipline 涣散的纪律
slack trousers 宽松的裤子; slack business 不景气的生意
a slack farming 农闲季节; lack 缺乏
slash
n./v. 猛抽,猛砍; lash 猛击; rash 鲁莽; crash 坠毁; dash 猛冲
clash 冲突; splash 泼溅; flash 闪 ; smash 砸碎
the flash of the lighting 闪电的一闪
slaughter
n./v. 屠杀= massacre ; mass media 大众传媒
slide
v.滑动着 ; slide on the ice ; glide 滑翔 glider 滑翔机
slight
adj.1.纤细的,苗条的slight fingers/figure 手指/身材
2.轻微的 slight difference,slightly better
slip
v.滑倒 ; lip 嘴唇; a slip of the tongue/pen 口误,笔误;
slight error 小错误
slippery
adj.光滑的 ; slipper 拖鞋; a slippery road 光滑的路
slump
v.下跌,重跌 lump 块,堆;肿块
smash
v./n.打,砸 smash and grab
smog
n. 烟雾 smoke+fog; motor+hotel=motel 汽车旅馆
smuggle
v.走私 a smuggling case 走私案件
snatch
vt.伸手去夺,抢(死拿吃); snatch a letter from sb.
soak
vt.浸,泡 (so 渴); soak the clothes in soapy water
be saturated in sunshine/history(多引申)
soar
v. 高飞,激增
solar
adj.太阳的 the solar system ; be solar/lunar calendar 阳历/阴历
sole
adj.唯一的(数量唯一性); console 安慰; my sole purpose
unique 独一无二的(重要性)
solid
n. 固体
solitary
adj.单独的= single; a solitary life
solve
v.解决 solution n.; resolve v.决心 resolution n.决心,决定
settle v.解决,沉淀,定居 settlement n.解决,沉淀,殖民(地)
sophisticated
adj.事故的,老练的(人);尖端的,复杂的(物); sophist 诡辩家; soph-智慧
sophomore
n.大二学生,有两年经验的人
sore
adj.痛苦的,疼痛的; throat sore嗓子疼
sound
adj.健全的,可靠的,合理的,有效彻底的,健康的; sound fruit 完好的水果
sound teeth 健康的牙齿; sound argument 无懈可击的论据
sour
adj.酸的,发酵的,酸腐的,酸味的; sour grape/milk 酸葡萄/酸奶
source
n.源头 the source of the Nail River
sovereign
adj.至高无上的,有权的;
a sovereign king/state/remedy 高高在上的国王/有主权的国家/特效药
spacious
adj.宽敞的; commode 橱柜; commodious 宽敞的; commodity 商品
accommodate提供住宿
span
n./v.跨度; a span of 60years 60年的人生; a life span 一生的时间
The brige crosses the river in a single span. 这个桥横跨这条河
spare
vt.省下adj.业余的,空闲的,省下的; Spare the rob and spoil the child.
Could you spare me a few minutes?
spare money/time/wheel/room 余款/业余时间/备胎/多余的房间
sparkle
vt.闪闪发光; spark n.火花,火星
Her diamond ring sparkles in the sunshine.
specialist
n.专家= expert ; special adj.特别的(性质)
specialize
vi.专攻 specialize in English; specialty n.专业,专长,土特产
species
n.物种[c] the human species ; a series a means
specific
adj.具体的,明确的= definite; specifications n.说明书; definition n.定义
specify
vt.详细说明 define vt.定义
specimen
n.样本 sample 样品; blood sample 血样
spectacle
n.[pl]眼镜;景观
spectacular
adj.洋洋大观的,蔚为壮观的; spectator n.观众(现场的观众)
viewer n.电视观众
speculate
v.臆想;投机
speculation
n.思索,做投机买卖
sphere
n.球体;范围,领域= range/scope/realm/extension ; hemisphere 半球
splash
vt.泼,溅 ; sprinkler n.洒水机
splendid
adj.壮丽的,辉煌的(口语); a splendid chance/weather 绝佳的机会/好天气
split
v.劈开 splitting headache 剧烈的头疼
spoil
vt.宠坏,(抽象性质的)破坏 ; spoil our party
sponser
n.赞助者,资助者v.赞助,资助; patron n.资助,赞助
spontaneous
adj.自愿的,自发的; response n.回答,响应,反应
spot
n.点 v.发现,认出; hot spot 热点; hot pot 火锅
spring
n.春天,泉水,弹簧,跳
sprinkle
v.泼,洒 sprinkler n.洒水机
square
n.广场;方形的;平方 Tiananmen square
squeeze
vt.拥挤 squeeze one’s way into the bus
stable
adj.稳定的 n.马厩
stack
adj.成堆的,大量的; one stack/pile/heap of stack/pile/heap up 堆起来
stake
n.赌注,赌金; at stake = at risk 处于危机关头
stale
adj.干瘪无味的; tale 故事; stale bread/stories干面包/老掉牙的故事
standpoint
n.立场 viewpoint 观点
startle
vt.使受惊= give sb a start; start n.惊吓; I was startled.感到吃惊
astonish amaze
static
adj.静态的; dynamic adj.动态的;精力充沛的vigorous/energetic
stationary
adj.固定的; mobile phone 移动电话
statistics
n.统计学,统计表; vital statistics bust/waist/hips 三围
vital adj.生命的,跟生命相关的,极为重要的
steep
adj.陡峭的; a sleeping beauty 睡美人;
steep 陡峭的; creep 蹑手蹑脚的; peep 偷窥
steer
v.驾驶,掌舵; steer the boat ; streering wheel 方向盘
steersman 舵手; sportsman; sports car 跑车; spokesman 发言人
statesman 政治家; craftsman 手艺人
steer clear of the rocks 远离礁石; keep clear of the door 请远离车门
stern
adj.严格的strict severe rigid
stick
vt.1.粘stick A on B 2.坚持; stick to sth= adhere to sth
connect A to B ; fix A to B ; attach A to B ; affiliate A to B
tie A to B fasten A to B
sticky
adj.粘的 sticky tape 胶带
stiff
adj.僵硬的 stuff n.材料; be stiff with cold 冻僵了
still
adj.静止的 still water runs deep静水流深
stimulate
vt.刺激,激励; stimulate sb to do sth
stimulus= stimulant n.刺激物,兴奋剂; stimulation n.激励,鼓舞,刺激
sting
n./v.叮咬
stir
vt.1.动2.搅动; stir the milk; not stir a finger 袖手旁观
not stir an eyelid 不动声色
stock
n. take stock 盘货; pile stock 备货; be in stock 存货; be out of stock脱销
This book is now in stock/out of stock.
straightforward
adj.直率的 sincere真诚的
strain
v.拉紧(物),过度使用(人) ; restrain vt.抑制,克制
strain the rope to the breaking point 绳子拉断了
strained relations 紧张的关系; strain one’s voice 声嘶力竭
strain one’s eyes/ears 全神贯注的看/听
strategy
n.战略 state 国家
streamline
n.流水线 vt.提高效率
strengthen
v.加强= reinforce/ consolidate ; strength n.力量cement
stress
n.压力; vt.重视,强调= emphasis; distress vt.使痛苦; tress 秀发
put/lay/place stress on
stretch
v.伸展; stretch one’s legs伸展身体,活动四肢;
The forest stretches for miles.
strike
v.打击 Strike while the iron is hot.趁热打铁
striking
adj.显著的; bear a striking resemblance to sb 和sb长的像
striking features 显著的特点
strip
v.剥夺= deprive ; trip旅行 ; rob v.抢夺 rob sb of sth
strip/deprive sb of sth 剥夺
strip sb of his titles/possessions 剥夺sb的爵位/财产
strive
n.努力,奋力
stroke
n.打击 vt.(温柔的打击)抚摸; stroke a cat
stroll
n./v.散步,漫游 ; go strolling go out for a stroll
stubborn
adj.倔强的 ; startle vt.使吃惊; as stubborn as a mule(骡子);
mulish 倔强的
studio
n.工作室(艺术) study
stuff
n.材料
stuffy
adj.憋闷的 a stuffy train通风不良的火车
stumble
v绊倒,摔倒,失足,犯错 stumble on/upon/across 偶然发现
stum
vt.1击晕2.使震惊 a stumming lady 迷人的女士
T(09-12-下)
tackle
vt.=handle= deal with=cope with; to tackle a thorny problem 棘手的问题
tactics
n.战术; tact n.圆滑,老练; tactical adj.战术的 a tactical error
contact n./ vt.接触,联系 ; strategy n.战略
strategic adj.战略的; strategic material/retreat战略物资/撤退
tangle
vi.纠缠 tangle with sb和sb打架; vt. tangled hair
target
n.1靶子2. (被批评的)目标; aim/goal/purpose/end/objective
a target of criticism/blame
tariff
n.关税; the tariff wall 关税壁垒; customs duty 海关关税
tax 税 income tax 个人所得税
tease
vt.取笑,戏弄,挑逗 ease n.容易
tedious
adj.单调的,枯燥的; boring/monotonous/dull ; a tedious lecture
temper
n.1.脾气2心情=mood ; good-tempered, bed-tempered
be in a bad temper 坏心情
temperment
n.性情,秉性; The 2 brothers have entirely different temperments
tempo
n.速度,速率 pace 步伐,节奏;
the tiring tempo/pace of city life 令人疲惫的城市生活节奏
to upset the tempo of production 破坏生产进度
temporary
adj.临时的=odd; temporary address/jobs
permanent/eternal/everlasting 持久的,永久的
tempt
vt.诱惑tempt sb to do; induce/seduce sb to do; temptation n.诱惑
risist a temptation 抵制诱惑; yield to a temptation 屈服于
contempt n.鄙视
tend
vi.趋势tend to do; vt. 照顾,照料tend sb
tender
adj.仁慈的,和蔼的;柔软的,娇嫩的
tense
adj.紧张的; a tense atmosphere 紧张的氛围; tension n.紧张
intense adj.强烈的; intensity n.强度
intensify v.强化=strengthen/reinforce
terminate
v.终结; term 学期,期限,条款,术语; Terminator 终结者
terminate a contract 终结合同; a contract expired 合同到期
territory
n.领土,版图; integrity n.完整,正直(人); integrate 并入,合成一体
a man of integrity; to safeguard the integrity of our territory
terror 恐怖 terrorism 恐怖主义
testify
vi.证明,证实; testify to sb’s ability; testimony n.证言,证词
witness/proof/evidence; testimonial n.证明信; a testimonial of birth
theme
therapy
n.疗法; radio-therapy 放射疗法; psychotherapy 心理疗法
threaten
vt.威胁sb ; threat n.威胁; consititute a threat to sb 构成威胁
threaten sb with dismissal 用开除威胁sb
thrift
n.节俭; thrifty adj.节俭的economical/frugal ; be thrifty with/of money
generous/liberal/lavish 慷慨的; extravagant/luxury/luxurious 奢侈的
thrive
vi.繁荣,兴旺,发达,成功; flourish=prosper vi.;
a thriving/flourishing/prospering business ; a thriving son
thrust
vt.猛刺,猛插,猛塞; to thrust one’s hands into the pockets
to thrust sum of money into sb’s hands; thrust oneself into the bus
to thrust oneself into a well-paid position 想方设法谋得一个高薪职位
tight
adj.1紧的2.密封的,不漏的; a tight pair of trousers
tight-lipped 守口如瓶的,沉默寡言的; air-tight water-tight
tiny
adj.很小的a tiny sum of money
token
n. 标志,符号,信物; give sb sth as a token of love/affection
a token of surrender; sign 标记 symbol 标志
tolerate
vt.容忍tolerate sb’s behaviour; bear /stand/put up with/endure忍受
I won’t tolerate your selfishness.; tolerance n.容忍
tolerable adj.尚佳的,不错的 a tolerable dinner/boyfriend
be tolerant of = tolerate
toll
n.1过路费,过桥费2损失,代价,牺牲; take a toll of 造成…损失/代价
The war has taken a great toll of human life.
poll n.1.投票head the poll夺得最高选票;
2.调查a public opinion poll民调
roll n.花名册; enroll sb/onself in 报名参加
torment
n.痛苦 suffering agony torture ; vt.使痛苦
be in torment/suffering/agony/torture
torrent
n.急流,湍流; mountain torrents 山洪,山涧; torrents of rain 瓢泼大雨
a torrent of abuse/insults/questions 滔滔不绝的咒骂/侮辱/问题
torture
n.痛苦
tough
adj.坚韧的,难对付的,艰难的; a tough guy 硬汉;
a tough steak 一块老牛排; as tough as leather像皮革一样坚韧
a tough student/guy 很难对付的学生; a tough criminal 惯犯
a tough task/journey 艰难的任务/旅行
rough adj. a rough apple/trail 粗糙的苹果/崎岖的小路
a rough temper 粗暴的脾气; a rough estimate 粗略的估计
trace
n.痕迹,踪迹,行迹vt.追踪,追述; lose trace of sb
vanish without any trace= vanish into thin air 消失的无影无踪
trace a criminal to another country
My fear of dog can be traced back to one of my childhood experiences
track
n.1.(人,动物,车辆留下的)踪迹; 2轨迹,轨道,路线; 3.径赛,跑道; vt.= trace
follow the track of a bear ; the track of a satellite
track events 径赛/跑道; track and field events 田径
tragedy
n.悲剧; comedy 喜剧; remedy n.药物,治疗vt.治疗,补救;
strategy 战略
trail
n.1痕迹=trace; 2.小路3系列; a trail of blood 血迹
a trail of smoke 一缕烟; a rough trail 崎岖的小路
a series/succession/sequence/train/chain/trail of
trait
n.特征; the most remarkable trait of sb’s character ; feature 五官,特征
characteristic n.adj.特征; character 性格,特征
traitor
n.叛徒,汉奸; turn traitor 变成汉奸; turn professional
transaction
n.交易; cash transaction 现金交易
transcations on the Stock Exchange 股票交易所的交易.
transcend
vt.超越; ascend 上升; descend 下降
Such matters transcend human knowledge.这些事情超出了人类理解的范围
She far transcends the other in beauty and intelligence.她才貌出众
transfer
vt.调动,转移; transfer sb from A to B
be transferred to London Branch 被调到伦敦分公司
transform
v.1.变形2改变 Transformers 变形金刚
transmit
vt.传播,传布= spread/profuse
transparent
adj.透明的; apparent 明显的; translucent 半透明的; opaque 不透明的
transplant
n.v.移植 ; a kidney transplant 肾移植
transportation
n.交通运输
trap
n.1陷阱2.困境vt.陷入…困入…; a mouse trap 老鼠夹; set a trap for sb
A fall in the pit/trap,a gain in your wit. ;
For some women,marriage is a trap. be trapped in 陷入…困入…
trash
n.废物,垃圾 vi.捣乱,破坏
treaty
n.条约; contract 合同; agreement 协议; retreat 撤退
make a peace treaty with a neighboring country 和邻国签订一个和平条约
tremble
vi.颤抖 ; He trembled with fear. ; shiver 因冷,恐惧等颤抖(只能指人)
quiver 连续不断的抖动(只能指物); quivering lips/branches
shake vt.vi.摇晃shake hands with sb; The table shakes
sb kept shaking with cold.冻的发抖
tremendous
adj.巨大的 enormous/titanic/gigantic/vast/giant/huge
trend
n.趋势,潮流
trial
n.1试验2.审判bring sb to trial 审判sb. ; try v.;
Just as fire tries gold,so does adversity try one’s virtue.就像烈火可以试真金,同样逆境可以试美德
give sth a trial 试验sth.; give a new worker a trial 试用
trick
n.1戏法to entertain sb with tricks ; 2诡计,阴谋=scheme=plot= conspiracy
trigger
n.扳机; v.触发,引起=cause=give rise to ; tiger 老虎; trigger sth off 触发
triple
adj 三倍= treble double 双倍
triumph
n.vi.胜利 victory; trump n.号声,喇叭声; trumpet n.小号,喇叭
return home in triumph凯旋归来
to triumph over one’s opponent/rival 打败对手
trivial
adj.琐碎的,不重要的; unimportant matters; insignificant matters
trifling matters; negligible matters
a trivial loss 微不足道的损失; a trivial offence 小过失
tropical
adj. 热带的, 热情的
tuition
n.学费 a tuition fee; by intuition 凭直觉; by instinct 凭本能
tumble
vi.跌,拌2(股市的)暴跌 ; to tumble over a stone
turbulent
adj.特别乱的,狂乱的; turbulent waves 汹涌的波浪;
turbulent passions 激动的情绪
twinkle
vi.闪闪发光= sparkle/ glisten/ glitter ; twinkling stars in the sky
typical
adj.典型的 ; type 类型; a typical gentleman
It is typical of him to forget.=be characteristic of him to forget
他这人就是爱忘事
U
ultimate
adj.最终的,终极的,根本的; the ultimate cause; one’s ultimate goal
the ultimate authorities; legitimate 合法的
intimate 熟悉的,亲密的; estimate 估计
unanimous
adj.全体一致的 un- = uni-; animal 动物
They are unanimous in their opinion. 他们的观点是一致的
underestimate
n./vt.低估 overestimate高估
undergo
vt.(不好的)经历=go under=suffer ; go through ; experience (中性的)经历
to undergo innumeralbe/numerous hardships 经历了无数的困难
underline
vt./n.1.划线2.重视,强调=emphasize; put/place/lay emphasis/stress on
Please underline those words you don’t understand.
undermine
vt.暗中破坏; mine 挖矿; undermine sb’s reputation 破坏sb的名声
destroy 强力摧毁= devastate; ruin 完全毁灭
damage 部分毁坏; wreck 交通工具的毁坏
spoil 宠坏,抽象的破坏 ; crash 坠毁,猛烈的撞击; demolish 拆除
undertake
vt.承担,开始 undertake to do; undertaking 事业; overtake 超过
take over…from 接管,接收; overtake=surpass 超过
undo
vt.破坏已经完成的结果; undo a button 解开
What is done cannot be undone. 覆水难收
It turn out that smoking was his undoing. 结果证明抽烟是他毁灭的原因
unique
adj.独一无二的,唯一的(重要性);
Comrade hu has a unique position in our Party
sole 唯一的(数量) ; one’s sole purpose; I did it solely for you.
universal
adj.普遍性的,世界性的; universe n.宇宙,世界; universal language
a universal entertainment 大众娱乐; universality n.普遍性
university n.综合性大学
update
vt.更新; to update a dictionary; to update/amend/modify the constitution
uphold
vt.支持,拥护; hold up 1.举起2支持,拥护
uphold a policy/verdict 支持一项政策/裁决
upright
adj.直立的,竖起的= erect= vertical = right up; correct 纠正
up-to-date
adj. up to now =latest
urban
adj.都市的; suburban peace 郊区的安静; municipal 市政的
metropolitan 大都市的
urgent
adj.紧急的=pressing/imperative; urge 督促=prompt;
urgency n.紧急 emergency 具体的紧急情况
utilize
vt.=make use of 利用 =take advantage of
utility 1.功用,功能2.多功能的,实用的 a utility vehicle 多功能车
a utility room 杂物室; a utility man 跑龙套的人
utilities 市政设施,公共设施; public utilities
facile 轻易的,易做的; facilitate 使便利,使容易
facilities (具体的)设施 education/sports facilities
utmost
adv.完全,彻底,极限(程度状语); enjoy oneself to the utmost 玩的很尽兴
do one’s best to the utmost ; to praise sb to excess 过度的赞美sb
foremost 最重要的,最突出的; the foremost poet of England ;
utter
adj.完全的; complete 彻底的thorough; 绝对的absolute (程度)
an utter refusal 断然拒绝; be utterly ignorant of 对…一无所知
vt.发出utter a scream 发出一声尖叫; utter a sigh 发出一声叹息
V
vacant
adj.空白的,空缺的; vacate v.腾出,空出,离职,退位
vacancy n.空缺 ; vacation n.假期
vacation
n.假期 ; vocation 职业/profession/occupation
vague
adj.默默无闻的,模糊的= indistinct/obscure
plain/obvious/apparent/distinct/manifest 清楚的,明显的
vain
adj.1自负的,骄傲的2.徒劳的in vain 3.虚荣的; vein n.静脉
be vain of 对…很自负; as vain as a peacock
All our attempts are in vain. a vain lady 虚荣的女士
a vain attempt/effort/endeavor 徒劳的努力
valid
adj.有效力的 a valid marriage/argument
efficient 有效率的; effective 有效果的
invalid n.病人,残疾人;adj.有病/残疾的
vanish
vi.消失 ; disappear ; van 1.前锋2.篷车
to vanish into thin air; to vanish without any trace
vanity
n.虚荣; vanity fair 名利场; a vanity bag/case 梳妆盒
vain adj.自负,骄傲,徒劳,虚荣的
variable
adj.多变的,可变的; a variable mind 花心; a variable temperatures
vary 1vt.使多样化2.vi.浮动=range
vary from A to B ; vary between A and B
various 多种多样的; varying 浮动着的,变动着的
varying temperatures 浮动气温;
invariable 始终如一的 an invariable mind/love
varied 多变的,不同的(被使得如此); varied expression
variety 多样性 a variety of =a wide range of 多种多样的
vast
adj.1辽阔的a vast territory/ocean
2.大的massive,huge; a vast sum of money
vehicle
n.车 SUV=sports utility vehicle
venture
n./v.(商业)冒险; a joint venture 合资企业; adventure
verbal
adj.1动词的; verb n.动词; 2言辞的,词句的,口头的
a verbal evidence 证词; a verbal error 口误= a slip/lapse of tongue
verge
n.(抽象的)边缘; be on the verge of tears/bankruptcy/despair绝望的边缘
on the edge/border/margin/brim/fringe/brink/outskirts of
verify
vt.证实,核实 verify/testify/confirm the report; very adj.恰恰,正是…
You are the very person I’ve been looking for.
vertical
adj.垂直的erect/upright ; a vertical take-off 垂直起飞; a vertical cliff
veteran
n.1老兵2.老手3.资深的experienced ; a veteran teacher
veto
n.否决(权) ; vote 投票,选票; exercise the veto 行使否决权
put a veto on sth 否决sth
via
prep. 经由...;通过…方式 = by means of
go to London via Dover ; go to London by means of Dover
vicinity
n.临近的地方neighborhood ; in the vicinity/neihborhood of
victim
n.受害者,牺牲者; victims of the earthquake
viewpoint
n.观点; in my opinion 就我而言=from my viewpoint/ standpoint,
=for my part,= as far as I am concerned,
vigorous
adj.生气勃勃的,精力充沛的 =dynamic=energetic; vigor n.生命力(伟哥)
violate
v.1.施暴=rape强奸2.侵犯=invade,intrude; 3违背=offend
violate sb’s privacy ; violate discipline
violent
adj.狂暴的,暴力的; violent crimes 暴力犯罪; domestic violence 家庭暴力
virtual
1.实际的the virtual head of the business; 2. 虚拟的virtual games
the virtual world 虚拟世界
virtue 美德 =merit; extol/praise sb’s virtues/merits 对sb歌功颂德
visual
adj.视觉的,视力的 vis- 看; visit 看望 ; vision 视力
visible 看得见的; invisible 看不见的
audi- 听 audience 听众(集合名词); auditor 听众(个体);审计员
auditorium 报告厅 audible 听的见的 ;auditory 听觉
vital
adj.1与生命有关的2.极为重要的 a vital organ要害器官
It is vital that s’+should +v’; fatal 致命的 mortal 必死的
vivid
adj.栩栩如生的,生动的 ; vivisection 活体解剖 ; revive v.复活
survive v.幸存
vocation
n.职业(天职); profession 专业的工作; occupation 都可以用
Nursing the sick is a vocation as well as a profession.
不仅仅是一个职业,更是天职
They collected women as well as food and drink.抢吃的,抢喝的,还抢女人
A as well as B 和…;以及…(强调A) 答案通常是 A
void
adj.1空的,空虚的2缺乏的,没有的; voice 声音
a void expression 麻木/茫然的表情; be void of = be short of 缺乏…
volume
n.1音量2容量3卷/册
voluntary
adj.自愿的,志愿的; volunteer n.志愿者; a voluntary service 义工
a voluntary confession 自愿承认/忏悔; acknowladge/adit/confess 承认
vote
n.投票 put sth to vote; vi.vote for/against 支持/反对; veto n.vt.否决
poll n.投票head the poll
vulgar
adj.庸俗的; vulgar tastes 庸俗的品味
crude adj.(sth)未经提炼的; (sb)粗俗的; rough adj.(sb)粗暴的
tough (sb)难对付的,难处理的; rude (sb)粗鲁
vulnerable
adj.脆弱的,易受到攻击的; a vulnerable/tender spot.薄弱环节,弱点
be vulnerable to attack/criticism 容易受攻击/批评
delicate /tender/fragile 脆弱的
W
wander
vi.1.漫游,漫步2.偏离,走神; to wander over the countryside
Don’t wander from the subject. ;
His mind wandered back to his childhood.
Don’t let your thoughts wander.
wonder v.考虑,想 ; No wonder that s’+v’ 难怪…
warn
vt.警告 ; warn sb of sth; warn sb not to do; disregard sb’s warning
warrant
vt. 担保,保证guarentee/ensure ; This material is warranted (to be) pure silk
warranty n.保证(书) under warranty 仍然在保修期内
a warranty of quality 质量保证书
weary
adj.疲惫的,厌倦的=tired; wear vt.穿;损耗 ;wear out 耗尽;使…尽
exhaust/fatigue; be worn out/ tired out/ exhausinged out 耗尽
tired 筋疲力尽,非常疲惫 be weary in body and mind身心疲惫
be tired of=be weary of
welfare
n.福祉/福利; be concerned about sb’s welfare 关心sb的幸福
infant welfare 儿童的福利; the Welfare State 福利国家
whereas
conj.然而; however adv.;
Some people like jeans,whereas others hate them.
wholesome
adj.健康的=healthy ; handsome adj.英俊的
wholesale 批发 ; retail 零售
wicked
adj.缺德的; It is wicked of you to torture/torment the poor cat.
折磨那只可怜的猫,真缺德
wind
v.wound wound1.蜿蜒2.a winding staircase 螺旋梯
The river winds its way to the sea.
The lady wound her way into his affection.
wind up the glass 摇上玻璃; to wind one’s watch 上发条
find/bind捆绑/grind磨
withdrawal
n.收回,撤退; withdraw vt.收回,取回,撤退
to withdraw the troops from the area. 从这个地区撤军
to withdraw a sum of money from the bank 从银行取钱=draw
to withdraw a child from school 勒令小孩退学
to withdraw an invitation撤销一个邀请
to withdraw (oneself) from society归隐
to withdraw (oneself)from meeting离席
withhold
vt.抑制;保留to withhold one’s feelings from sb隐瞒情感=conceal/disguise
to withhold payment 拒绝支付
withstand
vt.经受的住; These shoes can withstand hard wear. 这双鞋子很经穿
witness
n.1目击者2.证言,证词= testimony ; proof/evidence 证据
bear witness to 为..提供证言;证明…; wit 智力
at one’s wit’s end黔驴技穷; out of one’s wits 不知所措
A fall in the pit/trap,a gain in you wit. 吃一堑,长一智
witty
adj.机智的 a witty remark 机智的评论
worship
n.vt.祭祀,礼拜,崇拜; warship 战舰; places of worship
worship of God 崇拜上帝; worship of money 拜金主义
worship of success 仰慕成功; to worship of God
worthwhile
adj.值得花时间去做的…(做定语); a worthwhile career 体面的职业
worth n.a book of little worth价值
prep.be well worth doing 非常值得做sth
The book is well worth reading.(无被动)
a penny worth of sweets 多少钱的甜果
worthy 值得…的,名副其实的…
a city worthy of tour 值得旅游的城市;
nothing worthy of mention 乏善可陈
a worthy citizen/winner 令人尊敬的公民/名副其实的胜利者
wreck
vt. (车,船等交通工具)的毁坏; a wrecked ship/plane 失事的船/飞机
wretched
adj.悲惨的=miserable; miser n.小器鬼; miserly adj.小器的
misery n.痛苦; miserable adj.痛苦的,悲惨的
XYZ
yield
vt.生产produce; 结出(果实); field 田地,田野; yield some fruit
vi.屈服于…to yield to temptation; surrender to;submit to;give way to
give in to
n.产量=output
zeal
n.热情= enthusiasm 热情; to work with zeal/enthusiasm/passion(激情)
zealous adj.热衷于…enthusiastic/passionate ; be zealous for freedom;
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